Diabetic neuropathy
Pathophysiology
Persistent of hyperglycemia lead to an accumulation of sorbitol.
And fructose in the nerves that causes damage by an unknown mechanism.
It results in reduced nerve conduction and demyelination.
Ischemic damage by chronic hyperglycemia in blood vessels.
That supply the peripheral nerves is also implicated in the development of diabetic neuropathy.
Neuropathy can precede, accompany or follow the diagnosis of diabetes.
Signs and symptoms
Pain and numbness in legs
Skin ulcers
Pain in the nerves or foot
Tingling and burning sensation
Sharp pains or cramps
Oversensitivity
Problem with digestion
Slow reflexes
Sexual dysfunction
Definition
Is a nerve damage that occurs because of the metabolic derangements associated with diabetes mellitus.
Reduced sensation of touch
Risk factors include hypertension, genetic predisposition, smoking and chronic hyperglycemia.
Nursing care plan
Manage sugar levels.
Avoid food with excessive sugar, including sodas, sweetened drinks and coffees
Give medication, insulin, nerve pain medication, anticonvulsant
Eat food in high fibres
Eat vegetables and plant based protein regularly, such as beans
Increase physical activities
Analgesic, narcotic and anaesthetic.
Dizziness
Vision trouble
Causes
An uncontrolled high blood sugar levels lead to the damage of nerves and interferes with their abilities to send signals leading to diabetic neuropathy.
Hyperglycemia weakens capillaries that supply the nerves with oxygen and nutrients.
Foot care, check your feet every day
Keep feet clean everything day
Moisturize feet
Wear clean and dry socks
References
Sharon L. Lewis, RN, PhD, FAAN. Shannon Ruff Dirksen, RN, PhD FAAN. Margaret McLean Heitkemper, RN, PhD, FAAN. Linda BUCHER, RN, PhD, FAAN. MEDICAL SURGICAL 9TH EDITION