Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Exercise physiology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Atoms of carbon, hydrogen, & O2
        combine to form a basic carbohydrate (sugar) molecule in the general formula (CH2O)n
        where n ranges frm 3-7 carbon atoms with Hydrogen & Oxygen atoms attached by single bonds.
        
        Carbohydrates classify as
        
        monosaccharides,
        
        oligosaccharides or
        
        polysaccharides.
        
        Although there are no absolute minimum or maximum recommendations for total carbohydrate intake,
        a sedentary 70kg person’s daily carbohydrate intake typically amounts to about
        300 g or betw 40% - 50% of total calories.
        
        table
      - Function of carbohydrates :
        
        1-Energy source
        
        Primarily serves as ab energy fuel
        
        Particularly during intense physical activity
        
        2-Protein sparer
        
        Adequate carbohydrate intake helps to preserve tissue protein
        
        3-Metabolic primer/ prevents ketosis
        
        • Components of carbohydrate catabolism serve as “primer” substrate for fat oxidation
        
        Insufficient carbohydrate breakdown
        
        either through limitations in glucose transport into the cell
        (eg diabetes where insulin production wanes or insulin resistance increases)
        
        or glycogen depletion
        through inadequate diet or prolonged exercise causes fat mobilization to exceed fat oxidation.
        .
        The lack of adequate byproducts of glycogen catabolism produces incomplete fat breakdown with accumulation of ketone bodies.
        
        4- Fuel for the CNS
        
        • The CNS requires an uninterrupted stream of carbohydrate for proper function.
        
        1 more item...
        
        • Nutritious dietary carbohydrate sources consist of fruits, grains & vegetables
    - - • A lipid (frm the Greek lipos, meaning “fat”) molecule has
        the identical structural elements as carbohydrate
        but differs in its linkage and number of atoms.
        
        • According to common classification, lipids belong to one of 3 main groups;
        
        simple lipids,
        
        compound lipids,
        
        derived lipids
      - Proteins
        
        • Combination of linked amino acids
        form proteins
        
        • 2 types.
        
        essential and
        
        non-essential proteins
        
        • For adults the protein RDA equals
        0.83 g per kg of body mass
        
        Role of proteins
        
        • All proteins contribute to
        
        tissue structures or
        
        exists as important constituents of metabolic, transport , & hormonal systems
        
        • Proteins makes up betw 12 -15 % of body mass but the protein content of different cells varies considerably.
        
        • Amino acids provide the major building block for synthesizing tissue.
        
        1 more item...
  - - - • The cell uses the energy produced from the conversion of ATP to
        adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate (P) to perform metabolic activities.
        
        • Ms cells use this energy for
        actin myosin cross-bridge formation
        when contracting.
        
        • There are 3 major energy systems
        
        Anerobic glycolytic system
        
        has the following characteristics.
        
        Glycogen (glucose) is the fuel source (glycolysis)
        .
        
        No oxygen is required (anaerobic)
        .
        
        ATP is resynthesized in the ms cell.
        .
        
        Lactic acid is produced
        (by-product of anaerobic glycolysis)
        .
        
        The maximum capacity of the system is intermediate (1.2 mol ATP)
        .
        
        The maximum power of the system is intermediate (1.6 mol ATP)
        .
        
        The systems provide energy for activity of moderate intensity & short duration
        .
        
        It is the major source of energy from the 30th- 90th sec of exercise.
        .
        
        This occurs when O2 supply is inadequate or O2 demands exceed O2 utilization.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Aerobic system
        
        has the following characteristics
        
        Glycogen, fats & proteins are fuel sources & are utilized relative to their availability & the intensity of the exercise.
        .
        
        O2 is required (aerobic)
        .
        
        ATP is resynthesized in the mitochondria of the ms cell. The ability to metabolize O2 & other substrates is related to the no. & concentration of the mitochondria & cells.
        .
        
        The maximum capacity of the system
        is great (90.0 mol ATP)
        .
        
        The maximum power of the system
        is small (1.0 mol ATP)
        .
        
        The system predominates over the other energy systems after the 2nd minute of exercise.
        
        Phosphagen, or ATP-PC system
        
        has the following characteristics.
        
        Phosphocreatine and ATP are stored in the ms cell.
        .
        
        Phosphocreatine is the chemical fuel source.
        .
        
        No oxygen is required (anerobic)
        .
        
        When ms is rested, the supply of ATP-PC is replenished.
        .
        
        The maximum capacity of the system
        is small (0.7 mol ATP/min)
        .
        
        The maximum power of the system
        is great (3.7 mol ATP/min)
        .
        
        The system provides energy for
        short, quick bursts of activity.
        .
        
        It is the major source of energy during the first 30 secs of intense exercise.
        
        1 more item...