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Exercise physiology - Coggle Diagram
Exercise physiology
Nutrition & performance
Macronutrients
Macronutrients
- not only provide nutrients,
- but also calories,
which are needed to
fuel all physiological functions within the body.
Macronutrients
Which include
- water, vitamins & minerals,
- do not provide energy
- but they are needed to regulate various body processes.
Carbohydrates
Atoms of carbon, hydrogen, & O2
combine to form a basic carbohydrate (sugar) molecule in the general formula (CH2O)n
where n ranges frm 3-7 carbon atoms with Hydrogen & Oxygen atoms attached by single bonds.
Carbohydrates classify as
- monosaccharides,
- oligosaccharides or
- polysaccharides.
Although there are no absolute minimum or maximum recommendations for total carbohydrate intake,
a sedentary 70kg person’s daily carbohydrate intake typically amounts to about
300 g or betw 40% - 50% of total calories.
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Lipids
• A lipid (frm the Greek lipos, meaning “fat”) molecule has
the identical structural elements as carbohydrate
but differs in its linkage and number of atoms.
• According to common classification, lipids belong to one of 3 main groups;
- simple lipids,
- compound lipids,
- derived lipids
Proteins
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Role of proteins
• All proteins contribute to
- tissue structures or
- exists as important constituents of metabolic, transport , & hormonal systems
• Proteins makes up betw 12 -15 % of body mass but the protein content of different cells varies considerably.
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Energy systems
• Energy systems are metabolic systems
involving a series of biochemical rxns
resulting in the formation of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), carbon dioxide, & water.
• The cell uses the energy produced from the conversion of ATP to
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate (P) to perform metabolic activities.
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Definition
- Ex physiology is the field of study devoted to examining the body’s response to any type of physical activity.
.
- Ex physiologists study how physical activity influences the body’s cardiovascular, endocrine, & musculoskeletal systems.