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Christopher mara's 4th quarter coggle. - Coggle Diagram

- - - - "During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an arms race, a competition for military supremacy. Both sides built more and more nuclear weapons, which used energy stored in atoms. "ch.12.4
        
        "World War II had been one turning point. African Americans' demands for more rights helped end discrimination in factories that did work for the government. African Americans also won better job opportunities in the military." ch.13.1
        
        Kennedy also boasted a fine military record. During World War II, he joined the United States Navy. He was assigned to active duty in the Pacific. When the Japanese sank the patrol torpedo (PT) boat he commanded, Kennedy saved the life of an injured crew member by swimming to shore with him on his back. His actions won him praise as a hero."ch.13.2
        
        The 1960s were one of the most tumultuous and divisive decades in world history, marked by the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War and antiwar protests, political assassinations and the emerging "generation gap."
        
        "In the years after World War II, Native Americans in the United States experienced many changes. The federal government urged Native Americans to leave their reservations and to work in cities. "ch.13.4
        
        "Needing a way to fight guerrilla wars, Kennedy introduced a plan called flexible response. It provided help to nations fighting Communist movements. This plan used special military units that were trained to fight guerrilla wars. One of these units was the Special Forces, known as the Green Berets"ch.14.1
        
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- - - - "American voters elected Dwight D. Eisenhower to the presidency in November 1952. Eisenhower defeated his Democratic opponent, Illinois governor Adlai E. Stevenson. The Republicans also won control of Congress."ch.12.4
        
        "This became the civil rights movement. The word civil means "having to do with citizens and their government.""ch.13.1
        
        "The year 1960 was a presidential election year. The Republicans named Vice President Richard M. Nixon to be their candidate. He pledged to continue the policies of President Eisenhower. The Democratic candidate, John F. Kennedy, promised new programs to "get the country moving again."ch.13.2
        
        "President Kennedy did not live to see passage of his civil rights bill. He was assassinated in November 1963. After taking office, President Lyndon Johnson took up the challenge. He pushed Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The law outlawed discrimination in hiring. It ended segregation in stores, restaurants, theaters, and hotels. Yet even with this powerful new law, poll taxes and other laws kept African Americans from using their right to vote in many states."ch.13.3
        
        "Women also gained a greater voice in government. Women candidates won local and state political offices, seats in Congress, and appointments to the president's Cabinet. In 1981 President Ronald Reagan appointed Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. "ch.13.4
        
        "John Kennedy became president in 1961. At that time, the American relationship with the Soviet Union was still unstable. The Cold War was the focus of much of the new president's effort. President Kennedy continued the anti-Communist foreign policy begun under Presidents Truman and Eisenhower, but he also brought some new ideas to the office. For example, during the presidential campaign, Kennedy led Americans to believe that the nation had fewer nuclear missiles than the Soviet Union. As president, Kennedy increased spending on these weapons."ch.14.1
        
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- - - - "Women in large numbers left the workforce to stay home and raise children. The demand for baby products and services grew. School enrollment soared as the "baby boomers" reached school age. This put a strain on the educational system.' ch.12.4
        
        "After suffering discrimination and unfair treatment for centuries, African Americans in the mid-1900s began to make real progress in winning an equal place in American life. They fought for equal rights in jobs, housing, and education. They also fought against segregation, the separation of people of different races. At that time, many African Americans lived with segregation in schools, housing, and many public places."ch.13.1
        
        "life in the 60s was linked to freedom, so parents were more permissive, and family time was less of a priority. Teens could hang loose, and there were few helicopter parents."ch.13.2
        
        "The civil rights movement gained strength in the 1960s. Early activity targeted segregation in the South. Later, African Americans expanded their goal to fighting discrimination and racism in the North as well. In Northern cities, African Americans and whites often lived in different neighborhoods. As a result, many schools were all-white or all-African American."ch.13.3
        
        "The civil rights movement did more than expand freedom and opportunity for African Americans. It also helped women, Latinos, Native Americans, and people with disabilities. Women were the first to benefit. In 1963 Congress passed the Equal Pay Act. This law aimed to keep employers from paying women less than men for the same work."ch.13.4
        
        "The Peace Corps, which is still active today, was another example of Kennedy's belief in stopping communism through foreign aid. At Kennedy's request, Congress created the Peace Corps in 1961. Peace Corps volunteers work for two years in other countries that ask for help. They serve as teachers, health care workers, and advisers in farming, industry, and government. By 1963 some 5,000 volunteers were working in more than 40 countries around the world. The Peace Corps is one of Kennedy's most enduring achievements."ch.14.1
        
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- - - - "When Eisenhower completed his second term, the federal budget had a surplus of $300 million. A budget surplus is an amount left over after meeting all expenses." ch.12.4
        
        "The fall of Jim Crow bolstered the economic growth of the entire South. The post-civil rights movement era saw increased investment in education, social services, and public works, which benefited southerners of all races."ch.13.1
        
        "During that tax-cut-fueled economic expansion in the 1960s, real GDP growth averaged 5%, with growth as high as 8.5% in two quarters. US payrolls increased by 32% during the 1960s, the highest growth in jobs by far of any decade during the postwar period. Government tax revenues grew by 65% from 1965 to 1970."ch.13.2
        
        The fall of Jim Crow bolstered the economic growth of the entire South. The post-civil rights movement era saw increased investment in education, social services, and public works, which benefited southerners of all races.
        
        The post-civil rights movement era saw increased investment in education, social services, and public works, which benefited southerners of all races.
        
        The Vietnam War severely damaged the U.S. economy. Unwilling to raise taxes to pay for the war, President Johnson unleashed a cycle of inflation.
        
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