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The romantics - Coggle Diagram
The romantics
Coleridge
In the Autumn of 1796 he received the unexpected news of his sons premature birthday so he wrote a poem about his instinctive emotion he felt . Coleridge’s life completely changed.
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He moved away from to the city to the rustic scheme of life with the new parenthood notion and the definition of the relationship “child-nature”.
Coleridge said “I am anxious that my children should be bred up from the earliest infancy in the simplicity of peasants, their food, drink and habits completely rustic”
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William Wordsworth
He was a coleridges friend who had experienced nature from his earliest years. He grow up in the Lake District and he had been heavily influenced by the power of landscape
Lake District was his “safe place”. In there he felt like at home. It also represented where his childhood happiness had been shattered: hid mother died when he was 7 and his father lost his way on the Lakeland fells so he was forced to spent the night exposed to the elements. He came home but he was ill and then, he died.
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The episode
In the 1780 he was returning from school and , during a moment of sadness, he stole a boat and he rowed out onto the lake
This experience defined the course of his life: years later the memory of this childhood episode inspired him to wrote one of his greatest poem. It is “The Prelude “
At 20 he travelled to the Alps. He wasn’t in searching for a certain place but he was in searching for an emotion. For the time was an incomprensibile jurney
He felt alive. He wrote to his sister. He felt inspired . He understood that nature is the heart of his imagination. It made him felt like insignificant but at the same time connected with eternity
One day he was in the same condition which killed his father. Being trapped into the dark of the mountains was fashion
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The sublime
The sublime was more than just the beauty of a sunset; it was about war and terror. The natural world was a dangerous place without convention society or God. The sublime is manned lost in the immensity of nature, the key to the sublime was the ability to lose yourself, the experience of having no horizons no sense of confinement.
Jhon Claire
On a summer's day at the turn of the 19th century a young boy named John Claire set out from the Northamptonshire village of help stone to walk to the end of the world. Claire was the son of an agricultural laborer he was in love with the freedom that the natural world afforded him so he set off determined to experience everything the world had to offer.
Claire wrote poems here about the things he knew best: his childhood and the
beauty of the open countryside. The landscape stretching view that opens wide with dribbling Brooks and rivers wider floods the hills and vales and darksome low renin woods with grains of varied hues and grasses
The countryside he knew and loved was about to be transformed in the latter half of the 18th and in the early 19th century. A series of enclosure Act was passed by Parliament in order to maximize the profit derived from the earth the common land was fenced off for agricultural views. The English countryside was being exploited for the sake of ever-expanding commerce in 1809; a parliamentary Act was passed in closing all the lands of John Claire's immediate neighbourhood as the fields were enclosed.
William Blake's prophetic vision of the Industrial Revolution had reached the natural world itself creating barriers to freedom that still exists. John Clare could no longer wander to the ends of the earth. He found himself confined in the very place that he had once felt most free and it sent him spiraling into madness.
John Claire spent the last 24 years of his life enclosed within the walls of a lunatic asylum. His doctor noted that his insanity was preceded by years addicted to poetical posing, he was a true if neglected romantic his poetry descrive an England where the freedom of nature had been curtailed by the forces of profit and progress with the enclosure acts freedom and the ability to experience.
the feeling that Wordsworth expresses is beyond rational understanding; it is a feeling of the sublime of all the grandeur and divinity in the natural world. It is a state of being thattranscends the mundane and mechanical world in which we live for the romantics.
The volcanic eruptions
The true power of nature was manifested with a volcanic eruption on the 12th of April 1815 Mount Tambora in Indonesia blew apart. A half tons of dust were ejected into the upper atmosphere; the vegetation or nearby islands perished and 92 thousand people would die as a direct consequence tempura's volcanic cloud lowered global temperatures by as much as 3 degrees centigrade. A year after the eruption the temperature in the northern hemisphere plummeted during the summer months 1816 was known as the year without a summer.
the explosion of Tambora It was as if nature had retaliated against all those who had tried to tame it. This situation caused the fear of darkness, the fear of nature and the arise of a new generation of young Romantic poets their work presented awful visions of the natural world.
This new generation of romantics would meet at the home of Lord Byron the villa Diodati on the Swiss side of Lake Geneva. These poets were rebelling against the earlier generation of romantics who seem to have become conservative and we actually Byron even referred to Wordsworth as turtle and called his poetry puerile and namby-pamby.
the house would be the setting for the creation of one of the
most original novels in the English language. Among the guests there was a young woman named Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin lover of his friend the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. This 18 year old was the daughter of the feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and the philosopher William Godwin; throughout her life she had been surrounded by intellectuals and radical ideas
Many and long were the conversations between Lord Byron and Shelley: they talked to the principles of life and whether there was any probability of its ever being discovered perhaps a corpse would be reanimated perhaps the component parts of a creature might be manufactured brought together and endured with like a warm. When Mary went to bed that night she had a nightmare. The result of Mary's dream was the greatest of all horror stories written in English: Frankenstein. This fable of a young Genovese student obsessed with the principles of occult science and the making of new life is a great hymn to the romantic ideal with an anxiety that almost amounted to agony.
Frankenstein is a prophecy that science might be misused by those who wish to alter or tamper with nature. The novel's frightful horror is the dark reflection of the romantic sublime : its message was simple yet, powerful respect and revere nature if it has the power to destroy you. Science alone is not enough. Romantics when they looked at nature they were also looking into their souls man himself contained all the terrors and secrets of the sublime.
William Blake
Among these industrial cities lived a little boy who one day in July 1765 went from Soho to London to the Peckham Roy fields just beyond the city. He lay down on the grass staring at the light that filtered through the trees and had an angelic vision.the boy's name was William Blake and for the rest of his life he never forget his childhood vision (the romantics believed that spontaneous visions of childhood were the source of inspiration that came in adults).
during those years a new workforce of children had been created from 4 to 7 years old, they were sent to work by their parents for cleaning the chimneys of the city, many young chimney sweepers died of suffocation. deformed William Blake was touched by the miserable life of these children, he began to write simple lines that told their situation. Blake's short rhymes about children have become a collection of poems titled "songs of innocents
After the death of his brother Robert, William decided to move in with his house at 28 Odin Street on Hercules Road in Lambeth, on the river in the leafy suburbs of London in this place Blake tried to build a new life free from the corruption of the city.
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William Blake's most famous lines are now narrated in Jerusalem (an unofficial national anthem) but were written as a poem of protest against the corruption of industry and commerce; it has become a manifesto for romantic poets
Romanticism is one of the most important movements of 18th century, because in this period they were created marked new ideas, values and dreams. Also the monarchy was falling under the power of revolutions and industries, inspiring artists as wellof all the world.
In Britain, poets and novelists like William Wordsworth, Mary Shelley and William Blake created an alternative way of living and looking at the world, different from 18th century Britain colture, which it was based on industrialized cities and people ruled by strict rules.
For the romantic childhood was inseparable from nature : the earliest lives are the source of humanity