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The origin of planet Earth - Coggle Diagram
The origin of planet Earth
Introduction
The origin of planet Earth is studied in Marine Sciences to answer some critical
questions.
What is found on the sea floor?
What minerals and materials are found in the ocean?
How is it that the ocean and the life in it is so exceptional and
extraordinary?
A singularity
Earth originated during an event known as the
‘Big Bang’ which occurred around 13.7 billion years ago .Before that, all energy and mass were concentrated in an extremely hot geometric
locality called a singularity. Thirteen billion years ago this singularity exploded.
The matter from this explosion formed an extremely hot universe, which then
expanded rapidly as the material within it rapidly cooled.
universe was then made up of a ‘soup’ of elementary particles and different
forms of radiation.
As elements cooled gravitational attraction pulled items
together, increasing their density, their mass and an attraction to other matter.
To this day some stars are still exploding and burning out.
Some clusters of stars formed galaxies
our galaxy is known as the Milky way.
The formations of our solar syste
m
Theorised that the formation of our Solar system, including planets was caused by collapse of interstellar cloud about 4.6 Billion years ago.
Nebula was formed when portions of interstellar cloud underwent gravitational collapse
Some Nebulae become star nurseries, which is what happened with our solar system.
Gasses collided and formed particles gasses increased in size gravity attracted and puled other particles together
Accretion continued formations increased in size and larger bodies developed.
Large clumps formed proto planets, mass increased and formed planets
Planets in our solar system
Mercury , Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars= Rocky planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune = Gas giants
Formation of planet Ocean
Early Earth consisted of relatively cooler matter such as silicon compounds, iron and magnesium oxides.
Over time materials on Earth broke down as Earth bombarded with particles of various sizes.
Portions of energy contained in these particles converted to heat as they struck Earth, heat became trapped in inner core, increased weight layers pressed down of core material, energy of compression converted to additional heat temp of inner core increased to 1000 degrees Celsius, denser metals melted sank to inner core of Earth, lighter materials dissipated upwards to surface increased temp to 2000 degrees Celsius releasing gasses which then formed atmosphere.
Origin of ocean and its atmosphere
Earth dominated by water but never used to be, early Earth too small to develop atmosphere, because O2 could not accumulate fast enough being absorbed into rock and other compounds, but after significant amount of time O2 accumulated and together wit other gasses atmosphere developed
The development of the atmosphere
Heating and cooling process of inner Earth released oxygen and hydrogen, additional elements added to Earths atmosphere as meteorites carrying with them hydrogen and oxygen and burned up on entering Earths atmosphere.
Compounds of water, hydrogen and oxygen locked into the materials as Earth heated and cooled, so the H2 gas and O2 gas formed H2O vapour, water vapour increased volumes and condensed to form ocean.
Early Earths atmosphere made up of Hydrogen gas, hydrogen chloride, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide and Nitrogen.