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The ocean planet properties of water - Coggle Diagram
The ocean planet properties of water
Introduction to the water planet
Water is unique for two reasons
Scientists are not aware of its presence on other planets in our solar system.
It is also the only molecule found on Earth that exists naturally in all three states: as a solid (ice), as a liquid (water), and as a gas (water vapour.)
The water molecule
Chemical composition of water
Water consists of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen and the chemical formula is H2O.Hydrogen atom shares a electron with the oxygen atom in a covalent bond. Water is a polar molecule as the oxygen has a slightly negative charge while the hydrogen has a slightly positive charge.
Physical structure of a water molecule
Two positively charged atoms of hydrogen give the water molecule a specific shape.
The slight charges on opposite sides of the water molecule give water its polar nature. Polar and Hydrogen bonding make sure water molecules stick to each other and add to the uniqueness if water. This polarity results in all water molecules being attracted to each other, causing water to have many useful properties. Both types of
bonding contribute to the way in which water supports life so well.
Water as a solid
Solid water known as ice.
0 degrees Celsius water changes from liquid t solid. Hydrogen bonding causes water molecules to expand when becoming solid. Ice less dense than water.
Water and heat
Of all the materials found naturally on Earth, only water has the least change in temperature with the addition or removal of heat.
Heat capacity
Water has high heat capacity or specific heat, when water heated requires 1 calorie (4,184 joules) of heat energy to increase temperature of 1 gram or pure water by 1 degree Celsius. Water can absorb great deal of heat before is changes temperature.
Excellent coolant and therefore reason why water vapour and clouds of atmosphere regulate Earth's temperature. The ocean tends to absorb heat in hot
areas and redistribute that heat to colder areas. In addition, the ocean allows the movement of large amounts of heat to spread from hot equatorial regions to the cold polar regions.
Latent heat
Energy absorbed or released during a change in its physical state. At 0 degrees Celsius it requires 80 calories of heat for each gram of ice to change into a liquid. For it to change from a liquid to a vapour it requires 540 calories of heat.
Evaporation
When water evaporates, individual water molecules break away from other water molecules within the water droplet and are released into the air as individual molecules. For that water molecule in the air to break away from the droplet, it needs to break the Hydrogen bonds holding it to other water molecules. That ‘breaking away’ requires heat energy. The evaporation cools the surface because the departing water molecules takes the energy with them.
Condensation
When water condenses, the reverse process of evaporation takes place. Individual water molecules in the air combine with other water molecules to form water droplets.