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Innovations/Inventions of World War II : :explode: :explode:, now,…
Innovations/Inventions of World War II
: :explode: :explode:
Plastics
Ralph Wiley accidentally discover plastic wrap, it was originally made to “waterproof” fighter jets. -
The “waterproof” spray was to spray on fighter jets to protect them from salty sea spray. The spray got stuck on the beakers used to create it. -
Plastic wrap continues to be used today as a saver of leftovers. -
Originally PVdC (polyvinylidene chloride).-
Used in the war to wrap weapons for transportation
Acrylic sheet was created in 1877 by Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig. Developed in1928 as acrylic glass. Commercially produced as safety glass in 1936. -
During the war, axis forces used it for submarine periscopes, aircraft canopies, and gun turrets. -
Is used today in windows, wall partitions, lighting fixtures. -
Plywood - used on assault gliders during the war. It was used for wing surfaces and a landing craft. Invented during the war.-
After the war, plywood was used for furniture/residential crafts. -
Was used for the british mosquito - the most known aircraft from WWII. -
Synthetic Rubber
What is it: Synthetic Rubber is made through polymers pulled out from petroleum products, as a replacement for 100% rubber, originated in the early 1940's
Its Purpose: the main purpose was originally to make tires more cost effectively
Impact on WWII: Allowed for rubber products like tires to produced much easier, quicker, and cheaper, since rubber was in such a big demand for the war due to military machines, this product allowed for these needs to be met
Synthetic Rubber Today: Synthetic rubber is still used today to make tires and about 70% of rubber in manufacturing processes uses synthetic rubber, the use for synthetic rubber has also expanded, being used on shoe soles, latex gloves, paint, tubes and hoses and adhesives
Radar
On June 17, 1935 radio-based detection and ranging was first demonstrated in Britain. Used to detect an object at a distance by transmitting a burst of radio energy and measuring the time it takes to reflect back to the receiver. Could be used to locate enemy artillery and even buried mines. A radar wave is basically a radio wave, and if the frequency is known, it can be intercepted or jammed.
Radio-based detection and tracking was used by both the Allies and Axis powers in World War II. Robert Watson-Watt, who developed the first practical radar system that helped defend the British in WWII. A radar operator on the island of Oahu detected the massive Japanese attack that was heading for Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
device highway patrol officers use to detect people who are driving too fast
map the surface of the earth from space
to track storms, predict weather
altitude and direction of objects
Weapon/Tech
V2 Rockets
During WWII over 3,000 V2 missiles were made and used against cities like London, Antwerp and Liège, killing an estimate 9,000 people.
After WWII both the USSR and U.S captured a number of V2 rockets and German scientists, which helped them develop their own missile and space exploration programs.
Was the world's first long range ballistic guided missile. The missile itself was created by Wernher von Braun, a German aerospace engineer with the rockets first successful launch on October 3, 1942
The main purpose of the V2 rocket was it to be used as a "vengeance" weapon for the Germans. It was designed for fast attacks of Allied cities as retaliation for the Allied bombings against German cities.
electronic computers
comtinued impact
computers kept evolving and gettin tens of times smaller over the last 7 decades. Today if we encounter a difficult question or problem there are hundreds of solutions on the internet. We have wi-fi which is able to connect people from the other side of the world from a call. Computers can now be carried around with a single hand which used to be impossible.
purpose
this computer especially designed to decipher complex “Lorenz ciphers”. Later, it was used to calculate ballistas and other battle field equations during the war.
creation
the first computer to ever have an impact in the world was called the colossus computer. It was created by a British engineer called Tommy Flowers.
Satellites
Sputnik, the first satellite, and many others used to be known for only radio transmitting now it is one of the most worldly communications relay stations orbiting the Earth by the 1990s.
There are as many as 6,000 satellites orbiting the earth with 60% of them as defunct satellites, space junk, and 40% functioning ones.
Unlike humans, satellites can detect ultraviolet and infrared light.
Without the usage of satellites, television and broadcasting would not be possible to access.
Weather and sunspots can affect satellite signals and interference.
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Satellites can provide in-flight phone communication on planes while also providing communication in rural areas.
Duct Tape
What is it: Duct tape is an adhesive tape with a cloth back and waterproof, created by a mother with two sons in the Navy during the early 1940's
Its Purpose: the purpose of duct tape was originally to replace paper tabs used to seal ammunition boxes that would frequently break off and make it extremely difficult for soldiers to get the box open during extreme times
Impact in WWII: Allowed soldiers to fix practically anything, from damaged equipment to the boots on their feet, it allowed for super quick fixes, which was definitely needed during a war
Duct tape today: Duct tape is still used today to seal and repair things, plus people use it to make art and crafts as well, especially younger generations, there are tons of different colors and designs of duct tape, from blue to cheetah print
Medicine- ET
Medications
Treated bacterial infections, penicillin or streptomycin were administered for the first time in large-scale combat
atabrine — a group of medications used to protect against malaria
Vaccinations for smallpox, typhoid, tetanus, cholera, typhus, yellow fever and bubonic plague
Sulfa drugs
Plasma substitute
Serum albumin had been developed, which is whole blood that is rich in the red blood cells that carry oxygen and is considerably more effective than plasma alone
Surgery
Air evacuation of the wounded became available
Removing dead tissue resulted in fewer amputations
Safe zones
PTSD survivors given time, space, and food to recover before going back to war
Survival rate for the wounded and ill climbed to 50% during World War II from only 4% during World War I
Impacts of today
-expanded use of antibiotics -the use of metal plates to help heal fractures -the use of frozen blood products. Fresh blood can only be used for 21-30 days before deteriorating. Frozen blood can be used for up to a year. -Advances in burn the use of antiseptic and antibiotic impregnated dressings helped reduce dangerous infections
Manhattan Project
Albert Einstein was scared that the Germans were going to create a nuclear bomb that would be capable of mass destruction
The Manhattan Project was started in 1941, lead by Albert Einstein, and the purpose was to create a nuclear bomb before Germany, Japan, or Stalin found out
Soon after word reached President Truman in Potsdam, Germany that the project was successful.
The World has finally entered the nuclear age !!!!!!
July 16, 1945, first bomb test near Trinity site near Alamogordo New Mexico
No one was prepared for the results
Homes up to 100 miles away had their windows blown out by the explosion
Blinding flash visible for 200 miles
Was kept secret until July of 1945 when an atomic bomb was tested in New Mexico. Homes up to 100 miles away had windows shattered, and the explosion was played off as an ammunition dump explosion
On August 6th, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima in Japan. Just 3 days later, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki in Japan, resulting in the Japanese surrendering
FREEZE DRIED FOODS AND RATIONS OF WW2
Preservation became top priority for the military soldiers.
D ration- emergency high calorie fortified chocolate bar
Three portion pack of these bars would provide 1800 calories
January 8. 1940,bacon butter and sugar were rationed. Meat, tea, jam, biscuits breakfast cereal, lard, milk,canned foods, dried fruits were all rationed.
A person could not buy a rationed item without also giving the grocer the right ration stamp
Americans received their first ration cards on may 1942
The first card ,war ration card number one , became known as the sugar book for one of those commodities americans could purchase with their ration card.
Rationing was carefully formulated to supply the maximum amount of nutrition and energy while providing for a variety and still a good taste.
Lab over kitchen to make this work
During ww2, freeze dried things became popular when blood was spoiling before it made it to its destination
which was carried over into freeze dried foods that when freeze dried, still held the same nutritional value and wouldn’t spoil.
Freeze drying is removing the water from a frozen product in the process of sublimation.
Three phases: prefreezing, primary drying, and secondary drying.
Items that were freeze dried: Breakfast - scrambled eggs & coffee, Lunch/dinner - lasagna & alfredo, Meat/poultry - ham, chicken, beef crumbles, Seafood - salmon, Fruit - raspberries, Vegetables - peas.
Led to the creation of powdered orange juice and
along came frozen TV dinners and the convenience of frozen foods which led to things like refrigerators being made with bigger freezer compartments.
Farmers had to change the way they made their living to accommodate to customer demand
Shock Resistant refrigerator units for trucks that were used by the military in order for their food to be shipped to different countries.
Was invented by Jacques-Arsene d'Arsonval at the College de France in Paris in 1906. Was used in WW2 originally for storing and distributing blood but was later helpful for food too.
now
then
Rationing
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