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Unit 5. The complement function - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5. The complement function
The direct complement (object) function. Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations. Direct objects with: a. direct object of measurement, weight, duration and price
Concept
We call the direct object (D.C.) to that sentence element whose primary function is to specify the meaning of a very open “semantic range” verb, which is directly related to the meaning of the verb.
Rules to identify the Direct Plugin
• It commutes with the personal pronouns lo, las, los, las, when it is no longer one of them.
• It goes after the verb without a proposition or with the proposition “a”, but with no other.
• It is often constructed with “a” when we refer to personified people or things, and above all, to indicate that it is not a subject.
• When the prayer becomes passive, it becomes a patient subject.
Syntagmatic realizations of the CD
DC SN homogeneous SN Determinants + N + attributions
CD SN heterogeneous: SN N + C. prep .. del N. SN N + N (By coordination) SN N + apposition
CD SN substitute (Pronoun)
CD S. prep.
CD proposition From infinitive Proposition introduced by conjunction Proposition in direct style
The complements of measure, duration, weight and price perform the function of CD, since they can be switched by the unstressed lo, la, los or las.
The prepositional complement (object) function or supplement. Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations.
The supplement is a type of prepositional complement that, without being neither CD nor CI, cannot be suppressed without substantially altering the meaning of the sentence.
Rules for identifying the supplement
It is constructed with any preposition as well as Circumstantial.
It is incompatible with the direct object in the same sentence.
The indirect complement (object) function. Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations.
The CI. It is the complement of the verbal nucleus that expresses the person, animal or thing in which the action of the transitive verb already exerted on the D.C. is fulfilled or ends.
Indirect, refers to the fact that the C.I. completes the verb through the C.D., that is, indirectly.
Rules to identify the C.I.
It commutes with the personal pronouns le, les, when it is not already one of them.
It is introduced by the preposition “a” or “para”.
When returning the sentence by passive it does not happen to be subject.
The complement function. (Adjacent) circumstantial. Its syntactic features and its syntagmatic realizations.
The circumstantial complement (C.C.) extrinsically modifies the verbal nucleus. Therefore, we can do without it without substantially changing the sentence.
The circumstantial complement indicates the various circumstances that affect the development of the action: mode, place, time, quantity, etc.
Rules to identify the circumstantial complement
By exclusion, when checking that it is not any of the other add-ons.
It does not commute with any personal pronoun. It is introduced by any preposition.
It can appear in the same sentence in an indefinite number. Answer the questions Where? How? When ?, etc.