Digestive System Yajaira Bonilla-Lopez Period 6

Major functions of the digestive system

Major organs of the digestive system

Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)

Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule

Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)

Disorders of the digestive system

Breaks down food

Absorbs of food for metabolism

Mechanical and chemical digestion

Mechanical digestion= Physical breaking of large food pieces into smaller pieces (chewing)

Chemical Digestion= Breaks food into simpler chemicals that can be absorbed by cells in the body and works with help of enzymes.

The chemical digested food moves from intestine into blood and lymph small intestine does most (90%).

Mucosa

Submocosa

Muscularis/ muscular layer

Serosa

This is the inner most layer and it produces mucus for reduction of friction and protection.

This is the second most inner layer and it is made of Areolar connective tissue containing major blood vessels.

This is the third layer and it is made out of two smooth muscles to allow peristalsis and segmentation.

This layer is the outer covering of the GI Tract. It has a membrane (Serous membrane) and its composed of thin layer of Areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium.

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestines

Larger Intestine

Gallbaldder

Pancreas

Rectum

Liver

Mouth

This is where your food starts and your mouth breaks in down ( Mechanical digestion).

After the food is in smaller pieces it then goes down the esophagus which then meets the stomach

Your stomach is where " secretes acid and enzymes that digest food."

The liver is laying above the stomach and it is also the largest internal organ. This organ is responsible for many things one of them being that helps maintain concentration of blood glucose levels,metabolize protein.

The pancreas is located behind the stomach and it secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum

The gallbladder is located under surface of the liver and it stores excess bile for the liver, then releases into small intestines.

The small intestines are a tube about 7 m (~ 22 ft) long. Its functions are mechanical & chemical digestion and absorption. It's also identified as sections in the system, duodenum, jejunum, and ilium.

The large intestines are around the small intestines. It is about 1.5 m (5 ft) long. One of the functions it has is that it absorbs water & salt (electrolytes). It is also divided into sections, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal.

This is located in the end of the large intestines and its where you eliminate the waste out of your body (poop).

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gastritis

" When the LES is weak, stomach acid can leak back up into your esophagus and cause heartburn. This can cause serious damage to your esophagus over time. About 20% of Americans suffer from GERD. "

Is when your stomach lining has inflammation. This causes stomach pain and nausea. One cause of this is when a bacterial infection called H. pylori.

Stomach Flu

This is caused by and infection in the stomach and also in the upper side of the small intestines. The symptoms for this disease is having diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, and also cramps.

Constipation

This is when you can't eliminate the wast out of your body meaning you can't poop. A common cause for this is having a lack if fiber in your diet.

Gallstones

This is when the bile in your gallbladder creates "form small, hard deposits called gallstones."

Intestinal enzymes : Produced brush-border cells further breakdown proteins and carbs into monomaniacal.

Peptidace: Reduce peptides to amino acids

Surcease: Reduces sucrose (cane sugar) to glucose and fructose.

Lactase: Reduces lactose (milk sugar) to glucose and galactose.

Maltase: Reduces maltose (malt sugar) to glucose.

Intestinal lipase: reduces fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Amylase: "produced in the mouth. It helps break down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules."

Pepsin: Breaks peptide bonds in protein (secret by chief cells).

Proteases: makes peptides and aminos acids

Trypsin: "produced in the pancreas."trypsin breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach."

"Some chemical digestion takes place in the mouth and stomach, but most of it occurs ... The macromolecules are broken down to shorter polysaccharides and ... Fewer than half of all adults produce sufficient lactase to be able to digest lactose."