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Salem Ceja Digestive and Urinary System Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Salem Ceja Digestive and Urinary System
Period 1
Disorders: Digestive and Urinary Systems
Urinary Tract Infection: infection in urethra, kidneys, bladder. pain during urination
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: frequent heartburn leads to destruction of trachea along with extreme pain and bleeding
Peptic Ulcers: overuse of anti-inflammatory drugs or influx of bacteria causing sores in stomach.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome- irritation of the colon. includes boating, gas, diarrhea and constipation
Crohn's Disease: inflammation of digestive tract. severe discomfort, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition
Kidney Stones: solid deposits of salts and minerals in kidneys. extremely painful when passed
Major Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys: regulates acid base balance, excretes metabolic wastes, toxins and drugs. produces erythropoietin, which activates vitamin D and begins gluconeogenesis. keeps balance of internal environment
Ureters: tubes that provide transport from kidney to bladder
Urinary Bladder: hollow organ that stores urine until secretion
Urethra: passage that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body
Nephron Anatomy & Physiology
Renal Corpuscle
Glomerulus: highly porous capillaries that allow plasma derived fluid or filtrate to form
Glomerular Capsule: cup-shaped empty structure surround glomerulus
Renal Tubule: single layer epithelial
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Nephron Loop
Distal Convoluted Tubule-: Drains to collecting duct
Layers of GI Tract
Mucosa-tunic: secretes mucus, and digestive enzymes and hormones. protects against disease and absorbs end products.
Submucosa: areolar connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels and submucosal nerve plexus
Muscularis Externa: muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis. thickens locally to form sphincters
Serosa: outermost layer, visceral peritoneum
Major Functions of the Digestive System
Takes in food that we eat
Breaks down food into absorbable nutrients
Absorbs molecules to be filtered into bloodstream
Excretes indigestible substances
Digestive Enzymes - secreted by pancreas
Lipases: Absorbs fats also known as lipids
Proteases: Absorbs proteins
Amylase: Absorbs carbohydrates
Nucleases: Absorbs nucleic acids
Location of Digestion & Absorption of each Macromolecule
Small Intestine
95% of water absorbed through osmosis
Vitamins C and B (water soluble) absorbed diffusion in SI
Vitamins A D E K (fat soluble) diffuse into absorptive cells in SI
Vitamin B12 binds with intrinsic factor, absorbed by endocytosis
Electrolyte Absorption
Iron and Calcium absorbed in duodenum
Na absorption is coupled with active absorption of glucose & amino acids
Ca absorption regulated by Vitamin D + parathyroid hormone
Large Intestine
Where the rest of water is absorbed 5%
Vitamin K and B from bacterial metabolism are absorbed
Major Functions of the Urinary System
Regulates water volume in the body through excretion of urine
Filters waste in the blood
Creating slightly acidic mostly water fluid called urine
maintain pH balance
Major Organs of the Digestive System
Mouth and Accessory organs
Teeth: help grind and tear food to smaller units called bolus
Tongue: starts speech taste, and mixing and swallowing with saliva.
Pharynx: entrance for food to esophagus
Esophagus: entrance for food to the stomach
Stomach: stores food, begins mechanical and chemical breakdown from bolus to liquid chyme and digestion of protein.
Liver: Secretes fat emulsifying fluid called bile
Gallbladder: stores bile
Pancreas: produces pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes that absorbs nutrients of chyme
Small Intestine: where most digestion and absorption happens
Duodenum: 1st part of S.I
Jejunum: middle of SI
Ileum- exit of SI
Large Intestines: Digests specific vitamins and water
Cecum: 1st part of LI
Appendix- lymphoid tissue
Colon: middle of SI
Rectum: stores feces
Anal Canal: Excretes feces out of body.