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EUROPEAN BAROQUE CULTURE 121ce27fb61a4cd1d18a0b109da42e763cd079fa, image,…

- - - - The scientific method
        
        Observing nature
        
        Create an hypothesis
        
        If the hypothesis was correct, verify it with an experiment
      - Advanced in
        
        physics
        
        Gravitation Isaac Newton
        
        medicine
        
        Double circulatory system William Harvey
        
        astronomics
        
        The sun is the centre Galileo Galilei
        
        mathematics
        
        Cartesian by Descartes
    - - Novels
      - Theatre
        
        Tragedy
        
        Tragicomedy
        
        Comedy
      - Poetry
    - - Main theoretical approaches
        
        René Descartes
        
        rationalism
        
        Baruch Spinoza
        
        pantheism
        
        God and nature were identical
        
        Francis Bacon and John Locke
        
        Empiricism
    - - Claudio Monteverdi
      - Antonio Vivaldi
      - Domenico Scarlatti
      - Operas
      - Musical compositions with theatre
- - - - Fragmented features
      - Open spaces
      - Curved features
      - Decorative features
    - - Palaces
        
        classicist style
        
        Baroque elements
        
        rich decoration
        
        expensive materials
      - Gardens and squares
      - Churches
      - Saint Peter's Basilica
        
        by Bernini
        
        constructed a baldachin
        
        small altar supported by columns with spiral shafts
      - Baroque style
        
        emerged in Italy
        
        with the construction of religious buildings
        
        Saint Charles of the Four Fountains by Borromini
  - - - Chiaroscuro
        
        strong contrasts in light and shade
      - Naturalism
        
        represent reality faithfully
      - Realism
        
        situations and scenes of daily life
      - Expressiveness
        
        intense emotions
      - The use of diagonal lines
        
        not symmetrical
      - Theatricality
        
        combining figures and artistic features
    - - sculpture gained importance
        
        was the central feature
        
        parks
        
        facades
        
        squares
      - In Italy
        
        Gian Lorenzo Bernini was the most famous figure
        
        The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa and Apollo
        
        marble
      - France
        
        more classicist
        
        decorate the Palace of Versaille
    - - Two main styles
        
        Tenebrism
        
        strong contrasts of light and shade
        
        Caravaggio
        
        one of the most important painters
        
        The Calling of Saint Matthew
        
        The Crucifixion of Saint Peter
      - examples of classicism
        
        Annibale Carracci
        
        frescos in Palazzo Farnese
    - - classicist style the important
      - important artists
        
        Nicolas Poussin
        
        Le Nain
        
        scenes of peasants
    - - Rubens
        
        movement
        
        portrayal of nudes
        
        colour
        
        famous works
        
        The Judgement of Paris
        
        The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus
        
        The Three Graces
    - - Holland
        
        bourgeoisie main patrons
      - less religious works
      - more portraits and scenes of daily life
      - Rembrandt
        
        chiaroscuro
  - - - expressiveness
      - curved features
      - decoration
    - - a break with the balance and harmony of the Renaissance
    - - Catholic countries
        
        linked to the Counter-Reformation
        
        use art to strengthen people's faith
        
        accessible, emotive and dazzling style
        
        rich in decoration
      - Protestant countries
        
        favoured a austere style
        
        less decoration
        
        religion less influential
        
        bourgeoisie main patrons
- - - - two great poets
        
        Luis de Góngora
        
        culteranismo
        
        use of cultured language
        
        Francisco de Quevedo
        
        conceptismo
        
        use of expressions with a double meaning and a satirical tone
    - - popular among the working classes
      - the works were in verse
      - main subjects
        
        love
        
        honour
        
        touches of humour
      - most important playwrights
        
        Calderón de la Barca
        
        religious plays
        
        La vida es sueño
        
        Tirso de Molina
        
        tragicomedies
        
        El burlador de Sevilla
        
        Lope de Vega
        
        organises works logically
        
        El caballero de Olmedo
    - - The best novel of history
        
        Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes
        
        picaresque novel
        
        1605
        
        Spanish language
      - El Lazarillo de Tormes
      - Francisco de Quevedo
        
        La vida del Buscón