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THE THIRTY YEAR'S WAR - Coggle Diagram
THE THIRTY YEAR'S WAR
The Thirty Years' War
Between 1618 and 1648 
Was caused by the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.
It gradually developed into a more general conflict among the great powers in Europe for European political domination.
Phases
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Two sides were formed.
The Emperor had the support of the German Catholics, the King of Spain and Portugal.
The Protestants formed an alliance with Germany, but they were defeated.
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Swedish participation.
After this defeat, the German Catholics seized the opportunity to take the Protestants' possessions.
The King of Sweden came to their aid, creating a greater balance of military power.
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Peace of Westphalia in 1648, ending the Thirty Years' War.
The Spanish monarchy
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This new country became a great trading and naval power, controlling the trade routes to Asia.
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Did not end the conflicts between France and Spain and they continued to fight against each other.
France and absolutism
In the monarchies of the Modern Age, the kings increased their power.
When absolute monarchies were established, all the power was held by the king.
France became the main example of an absolute monarchy under King Louis XIV in France.
Characteristics
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He had a large court of advisors, who lived with him in the luxurious Palace of Versailles.
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He gave the administrative officials, who came from the bourgeoisie, professional status.
He had a board of governors, consisting of ministers who acted under the orders of a Prime Minister or Chancellor.
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Absolutism
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Absolute power was considered a divine right: the king was God’s representative and everyone was accountable to him.
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Absolutism began to spread to the majority of the European states, except England and Holland, where parliamentary systems were introduced.
England and the parliamentary system
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As he needed to raise money, he summoned Parliament to increase taxes.
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Civil war
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Parliament was victorious, the King was executed and England became a republic.
Its leader was Oliver Cromwell, who would become a dictator years later.
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Parliament
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When King James II tried to reinstate Catholicism, there was another uprising, resulting in the Glorious Revolution in 1680.
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In 1689, he signed the Bill of Rights, recognising Parliament's authority, private property and restrictions to royal power.
In Europe, republics governed by a parliament had already been established.
Two groups:
The House of Lords, who represented the higher nobility.
The House of Commons, who acted in the name of the bourgeoisie.
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