Leadership
leadership
definition
the action of leading organization, team or country and also known as a process of influencing a group to achieve goals
Leader
a person who lead a group, country or organization that someone who can influence other and who has managerial authority
all manager will consider as a leader
there also have informal leaders who emerge those are not the leaders we're studying
Early leadership theories
Trait Theories (1920s-30s)
this is a research of focusing on identifying personal characteristic that identify or differentiated leader from not leaders was unsuccessful
later the research will identify seven trait associate with successful leadership
drive
desire to lead
honesty and integrity
self-confident
intelligence
job-relevant
extraversion
Behavioral theories
University of lowa studies(Kurt Lewin)
identified three leader styles
research finding: mixed result
Democratic style
laissez faire style
Autocratic style
no specific style was consistently better for producing a better performance
employees were more satisfy with democratic leader than autocratic leader
Ohio state studies
identified two dimensions of leader behavior
initiating structure
consideration
research finding: mixed result
high leaders generally but not always achieve high group task performance and leader
University of Michigan studies
identify two dimension of leader behavior
employee oriented
production oriented
research finding
leader who are employee oriented strongly associate with high group productivity and high job satisfaction.
the managerial grid
managerial grid
leadership style using two dimension
concern for people
concern for production
place managerial style in five categories
task management
impoverished management
middle of the road management
country club management
team management
The fielder model
the effective group performance depend on the proper match between the learder style if interacting with followers and the degree the situation allow the learder to control and influence
assumption
a certain leadership style should be most effective in different type situation
leaders do not readily change leadership style
The Fiedler model
Least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire
(low score): relationship-oriented leadership style
(high score): task-orientated leadership style
situation factors in matching leader to the situation
Leader-member relations
task structure
position power
Hersey and blanchard situational leadership theory(SLT)
Argues that successful leadership is achieve by selecting right leadership style which is contingent on level of the follower readiness
acceptance
readiness
create four specific leadership style incorporating fielder two leadership dimension
telling
participating
selling
delegating
posits four stage follower readiness
R1= follower are unable unwilling
R2=followers are unable but willing
R3= follower are able but unwilling
R4 followers are able and willing
Leader participation model contingencies
importance of commitment
leader expertise
decision significance
likelihood of commitment
group support
group expertise
team competence
Path goal model
leader job is assist the follower in attaining their goal and provide direction
depending on situation leader assume the different leadership style
Directly leader
supportive leader
participative leader
achievement oriented leader
transactional leadership
leader will guide or motivated their folloer in the direction of established goals by clarifying the role and task requires
transformation leadership
leader that followers pursue by inspiration
Charismatic leadership
an enthusiastic, self-confident leader whose personality and action nfluence people to behave in certain ways.
characteristic
have a vision
able to articulate the vision
willing to take risk to achive the vision
sensitive enviroment and follower need
exhibit behavior that are out of ordinary
Visionary leadership
leader who create and articulates a realistic credible and attractive vision for future improves upon present situation
Team leadership Characteristics
have patience to share information
able to trust others and give up authority
team leader job
managing team external boundary
team leader role
coach
liaison with external constituencies
troubleshooter
conflict manager