Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Digestive System Juan Olivares Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive System Juan Olivares Period 2
Major functions of the digestive system
Digestion (breakdown) and absorption of food for metabolism (energy and growth and repair of tissues)
Mechanical Digestion - Physical breaking of large food pieces into smaller pieces
Segmentation = mixing/churning movement (stomach)
Peristalsis = wave/rippling movement (esophagus, intestine)
Mastication = chewing movement (mouh)
Chemical Digestion - Breaks food into simpler chemicals that can be absorbed by cells in the body.
Works with help of enzymes (-ase)
Saliva in mouth, gastric juice in stomach
Disorders of the digestive system
Gallbladder
Jaundice - Yellow skin discoloration due to excessive amounts of bile in blood
Gall stone - blocks bile duct
Liver
Hepatitis or inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis is a chronic inflammation of the liver usually resulting from alcoholism or chronic hepatitis
Liver transplants are the only clinically proven effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Submucosa - Areolar connective tissue containing major blood vessels.
Submucosal plexus - Autonomic nerve supply
Glands and lymphatic tissue
Muscularis Layer
Two layers of smooth muscles to allow peristalsis and segmentation.
Inner circular layer - squeeze, decrease size of lumen; in some areas act as sphincter or valves.
Outer longitudinal layer - shortens intestine.
Mucosa - Produces Mucus for reduction of friction and protections.
Lamina propria
Areolar connective tissue
Contains blood and lymphatic vessels, and lymph node for nourishment and immunity.
Muscularis mucosae
Two thin layers of smooth muscles
Epithelium
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous in mouth, esophagus, and anus, protection against friction.
Simple columnar in intestine for absorption and secretion.
Serosa - Outer covering of the GI tract.
Serous membrane - Composed of thin layer of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium
covers the outside of abdominal organs.
attaches the digestive tract to the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity by forming folds called mesenteries.
Produces serous fluid for lubrication
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Small intestine (90%)
Fats (lacteals)
Vitamins
Proteins (blood)
Minerals
Carbohydrates (blood)
Water
Large Intestine (10%)
Water
Vitamin K and B complex
Digestive enzymes
Carbohydrates (mouth and small intestine)
polysaccharides > disaccharides and monosaccharides
Amylase - poly > di
Dissacharides > monosacchrides
Maltase > glucose
Lactase > glucose and galactose
Sucrase > glucose and fructose
DNA/RNA (Pancreas)
Nucleic acid > nucleotides
Nuclease > nucleodtides
Proteins (stomach and small intestine)
Proteins > peptides > amino acids
Pepsin - Protein > peptide
Protease - peptide > amino acids
Lipids (small intestine)
Fats > fatty acids
Lipase > fatty acids and glycerol
Major organs of the digestive system
Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)
Long irregularly shaped tube open at both ends approx. 9m (30ft)
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
Accessory organs
Teeth, tongue salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas