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Digestive system Mykayla Sohn Period 2 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive system Mykayla Sohn Period 2
Major functions of the digestive system
Digestion
Ingested nutrients are reduced into molecules small enough so that they can pass through the gut and enter the blood stream.
Absorbtion
The digested nutrients pass from the gut into the blood so the circulatory system or lymph system can pass them on to the rest of the body to use or store.
Motility
Food moves through the digestive tract due to a process called peristalsis, which is the movement of muscles in the GI tract that move the food through the digestive system
Secretion
This is the release of enzymes, hormones, and other substances that help the body digest the food that is eaten
Major organs of the digestive system
Large Intestine
Absorbs water and alt from the material that has not been digested as food and gets rid of wast products left over.
Anus
The end of the gastrointestinal tract (GI)
Small Intestine
Breaks down food from the stomach and absorbs the nutrients from the food.
Liver
Bile production and secretion
Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs
Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals.
Enzyme activation.
Stomach
Aids in digestion
Four key components
acid secretion
enzyme segretion
gastrointestinal motility.
reservior
Pancreas
Makes pancreatic juices called enzymes which aid in digestion.
Makes hormones
Esophagus
Hollow muscular tube that transports solids,liquids,and saliva from the mouth to the stomach.
Gallbladder
Stores bile produced by the liver.
Mouth
Allows you to bite, swallow, and chew.
Digestive Enzymes
Pepsin
Produced int he stomach, helps break down proteins into amino acids
Trypsin
Produced int he pancreas, breaks down proteins
Amylase
Produced int he mouth, it helps break down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules.
Pancreatic lipase
Produced in the pancreas, breaks fats apart
Location of digestion and absorption of each macro molecule.
Carbohydrates
Digestive enzyme located in the pancreas that breaks down fat.
lipids
Digestive enzyme found in the pancreas that breaks down fats.
proteins
The liver produces proteins and sends them to the blood.
Nucleic acids
found in the nucleus and functions to store and express genetic information.
Layers of the GI tract
Submucosa
connective tissue layer that supports the mucosa
Muscularis propria
smooth muscle used for peristalsis
Mucosa
Innermost layer, functions in absorption and secretion.
Serosa
secretes fluid that provides lubrication to reduce friction
Disorders of the digestive system
Chrons disease
Caused by inflammation in your digestive tract.
Gallstones
A hardened deposit within the fluid of the gallbladder caused by high cholesterol
Celiac disease
Immune reaction to eating gluten
Irritable bowel syndrome
Intestinal disorder caused by a surplus of bacteria in the intestines.
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by overuse of alcohol