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Digestive System Artemio Ornelas per.2 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive System Artemio Ornelas per.2
Major functions of the digestive system
Digestion (breakdown) and absorption of food for metabolism and growth, repair of tissues
excretes food components that are indigestible
absorb food molecules into the body
The digestive system is divided into two major parts
The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a continuous tube with two openings, the mouth and the anus
Secretion
This is the release of enzymes, hormones, and other substances that help the body digest the food that is eaten
Major organs of the digestive system
The main organs that make up the digestive system are:
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Helping them along are the pancreas, gall bladder and liver.
THERE ARE TWO GROUPS OF ORGANS
alimentary canal (G1 tract)
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
2 Accesory organs
teeth , tongue salivary glands, liver , gall bladder, pancreas
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Digestive enzymes are released, or secreted, by the organs of the digestive system. These enzymes include proteases that digest proteins, and nucleases that digest nucleic acids.
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Amylase, produced in the mouth. It helps break down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules.
Pepsin, produced in the stomach. Pepsin helps break down proteins into amino acids.
Trypsin, produced in the pancreas. Trypsin also breaks down proteins.
Pancreatic lipase, produced in the pancreas. It is used to break apart fats.
Deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease, produced in the pancreas. They are enzymes that break bonds in nucleic acids like DNA and RNA
Bile salts are bile acids that help to break down fat. Bile acids are made in the liver.
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
The small intestine and the pancreas both produce a variety of digestive enzymes that are responsible for breaking down the many macromolecules found in the small intestine.
The small intestine is the site of most chemical digestion and almost all absorption
Chemical digestion breaks large food molecules down into their chemical building blocks, which can then be absorbed through the intestinal wall
Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down macromolecules into their smaller building blocks
Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and the duodenum by the action of three main enzymes, pepsin, secreted by the stomach, and trypsin and chymotrypsin, secreted by the pancreas
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
From the most inner layer or lining, to the exterior:
mucosa: produces mucus of reduction of friction and protections
submucosa
muscularies or muscular layer: two thin layers of smooth muscle
serosa: composed of thin layer of arreolar connective tissue and simple squamos epithelium
Layers of the stomach wall, include serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
the stomach is a muscular organ it can hold about 1L
Has a thick muscus membrane
Disorders of the digestive system
Jaundice: yellow skin discoloration due to excessive amounts of bile in blood
if a gallstone blocks the common bile duct feces will be whitte and skin yellow
Hepatitis or inflammation of the liver: usually due to one of six hepatitis viruses
non viral causes include drug toxicity and wild mushroom poisoning
Cirrhosis: a chronic inflammation of the liver usually resulting from alcholism or chronic hepatitis