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ACTIVE EXERCISE (voluntary movement) - Coggle Diagram
ACTIVE EXERCISE (voluntary movement)
Definition:
Classification:
• 2.Assisted Ex
Technique:
Starting position:
Pattern of movement:
Well known & understood by the patient.
Taught by passive movement or active movement on contralateral limb
fixation
adequate fixation of the bone of origin of prime movers improves efficiency.
Support
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Comfort & stability for the body as a whole ensure that the patient’s whole attention is concentrated on the pattern of the movement & the effort required to perform it.
Effects & uses
The working ms corporate in the production of the movement which they are incapable of achieving unaided. Provide that the max effort they are capable is demanded frm the weak ms. & the assisting force utilized is only complementary. These ms will gain strength & hypertrophy. Can be used in early stages of neuromuscular reeducation
The memory of the pattern of coordinated movement is stimulated by the correct performance of a movement which the patient is unable to achieve without assistance. (“freq reps-decr in assistance-relearn control of the movement)
Confidence in the ability to move painful joint is established when the patient observes the movement & the fact that his ms corporate in producing it.
The range of movmnt may be incrd by assisted Ex depending on the efficiency of the ms working over the joint.
When muscle power/coordination is inadequate to overcome the resistance of gravity or another external force applied in the direction of the muscle pull to perform movement or to stabilize a joint.
When the force exerted on one of the body levers by muscular action is sufficient for the production or control of the movement & external force can be added to argument it.
-The external force must be applied in the direction of ms action, but not necessarily the same point as mechanical advantage can be gained by increasing the leverage.
The magnitude of the external force must be sufficient to argument the muscular action & must not be allowed to act as a substitute to it.
When ms power or coordination is inadequate to overcome the resistance of gravity or another external force, it can be augmented by the use of an external force applied in the direction of the muscle pull to perform movm or to stabilize a jnt.
• 1.Free Ex
The working ms are subject only to the forces of gravity acting upon the part moved or stabilized.
Are those which are performed by the patient’s own muscular efforts without the assistance any external force, other than that of gravity.
they vary widely in character & effect, not only because of the nature & extent of the movement, but according to the manner in which they are performed.
this type of Ex can be used to obtain any of the effects which are prod by Ex as a whole, if & when its used judiciously.
a degree of relaxation is induced by exercises which are rhythmical or pendular in character, ms tone is maintained & power increased according to speed, leverage & duration of the Ex, and the relationship of the part moved to gravity, coordination is trained or improved as the natural pattern of group action is employed, and confidence in the ability to perform & control movement is established.
The working muscles are only subjected only to the forces of gravity acting upon the part moved or stabilized.
Classification:
Localized:
Produce local & specific effect. To mobilize/strengthen a particular jnt.
Generalized:
Wide spread effect. Ms all over the body eg: running
Character of free exercise:
• Subjective:
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• Objective:
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Techniques:
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• 3.Resisted Ex
The forces of resistance offered to the action of the working ms are artificially & systematically increased to develop the power & endurance
The forces of resistance offered to the action of the working muscle are artificially or systematically increased to develop the power & endurance of the muscle.
Definition:
resistance Ex is any form of active Ex in which dynamic or static ms contraction id resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically
strength:
resistance Ex is any form of active Ex in which dynamic or static ms contraction id resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically
Power:
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Potential benefits of resistance Ex
1.Enhance ms performance:
-Restoration, improvement or maintenance of ms strength, power & endurance.
2.Increased strength of connective tissue:
-Tendons, ligs, intrams conn tissue.
3.Greater bone mineral density or less bone demineralization.
4.Decr stress on joints during physical activity.
5.Red risk of soft tissue inj during physical activity
6.Possible improvement in capacity to repair & heal damaged soft tissues due to positive impact on tissue remodeling.
7.Possible improvement in balance.
8.Enhanced physical performance during daily living, occupational, & recreational activities.
9.Positive changes in body composition: incr lean ms mass or decr body fat.
Enhanced feeling of physical well-being.
11.Possible improvement in perception of disability & quality of life.
12.increases basal metabolic rate.
Tables pic 1 &2
Guiding principles of resistance training
1.Overload principle:
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Methods of resistance
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• Movement performed or controlled by the voluntary action of the muscles, working in opposition to an external force.