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INTELLIGENCE - Coggle Diagram
INTELLIGENCE
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FIRST INTELLIGENCE TEST
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in 1882, french educational reform meant that attending school was compulsory for children aged 6 to 14
in 1904, he was appointed to the commission of the education of the retarded
the comission was tasked with the developing a means of quickly identifying those children in need of an alternative education
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BINET SIMON TEST
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pointing to body parts, word definitions, recall 7 random digits
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if a child passes all the tests passed by an average 8-year old, but fails to pass tests passed by the average 9 year old
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WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE ?
''the ability to carry out abstract thinking'' - Lewis Terman, 1921
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the aggregate of the global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with the environment - Wechsler, 1994
Ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by talking thought'' - American Psychology Association
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STANDFORD BINET TEST
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test scores were later used to calculate a newly developed measure of intelligence, known as the intelligence quotient - IQ
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Using the binet-simon test, Stern noticed that a child's mental age seemed to develop proportionally to their real age
stern found that if a child's mental age was divided by his or her chronological age, a relationship consistent measure of intelligence could be calculated
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MEASURING INTELLIGENCE
FIRST ATTEMPT
Galton believed that the higher intelligence of so called eminent men was largely inherited from their parents
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to test his ideas, Galton used a variety of different physical variables as a measure of intelligence
ASSUMPTIONS
superior intelligence would be an outward reflection of superior physical development of the brain and body
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people of low intelligence were expected to show slow reaction times, poor eyesight and hearing
is an individual's strength, agility, sensory perception really related to their level of intelligence?
WORLD WAR 1
in 1917, increased demands for the quick and standardised measure of intelligence
Robert Yerkes was appointed the head of the APA comittee tasked with identifying ways that psychology might help with the war effort
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Like personality, intelligence is a complex hypothetical construct used to understand the behaviour
intelligence can not be observed directly - we can only infer an individual's intelligence from their behaviour and interaction with others
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