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Alopecia in cats - Coggle Diagram

- - - - suggestive of congenital abnormalities
    - - suggestive of dermatophytosis
    - - suggestive of neoplastic/paraneoplastic conditions or endocrinopathies
  - - - suggestive of fur balls and over grooming
    - - household w multiple unaffected cats
        
        suggestive of allergic disease or psychogenic alopecia
      - household w multiple affected cats
        
        dermatophytosis, ectoparasitoses or flea bite hypersensitivity
      - shows, catteries, rescue premises
        
        endoparasitosis, flea bite hypersensitivity, dermatophytosis
      - changes triggering anxiety/stress
        
        new child or pet in family, loss of owner, moving house, refurbishing of premises etc
        
        suggestive of psychogenic alopecia
  - - - hypersensitivities and iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism
- - - - internal/systemic condition
        
        e.g. endocrinopathy or paraneoplastic alopecia
    - - infestations e.g. dermatophytosis and demodicosis
  - - - hyperadrenocorticism
        
        fragile, inelastic skin that is easily torn (epidermal and dermal atrophy)
        
        frequent association with diabetes mellitus
        
        progressive weight loss
        
        initially PU/PD and polyphasic due to DM (typically poorly-unresponsive to treatment)
        
        symmetrical alopecia often with patchy matted coat
        
        drooping (cranial folding) of ear pinnae
        
        predisposition to secondary infections (bacterial and fungal) and infestations (demodicosis)
        
        most common clinicopathological abnormalities in feline hyperA
        
        hyperglycaemia
        
        glycosuria
        
        hypercholesterolaemia
        
        mild increase in alanine aminotransferase activity
        
        Dx
        
        Urine cortisol/creatinine ratio
        
        dexamethasone suppression test
        
        abdominal USS
        
        MRI
        
        CT
        
        ACTH stim test can be used but sensitivity low in affected cats
      - hypothyroidism
- - - - fractured hair shafts - self trauma
    - - several telogen bulbs (spear shaped), rough surface
        
        usually straight and non pigmented
      - telogen bulbs are inactive hairs and represent 80-90% of hairs found in normal trichogram
      - if all hairs on trichogram in telogen suggests spontaneous alopecia with loss of existing hair
    - - anagen hair bulb, typically round, pigmented and bent to one side
      - characteristic of actively growing hairs
  - - - hyperadrenocorticism
        
        often associated with diabetes mellitus
      - chronic renal failure
      - chronic liver dz
      - feline leukaemia
      - feline immunodeficiency virus
      - hyperthyroidism
      - hypothyroidism
      - paraneoplastic alopecia
    - - hair easily epilated
        
        suggestive of spontaneous alopecia
      - short hairs with broken hair shafts, not readily plucked: suggestive of self-traumatic alopecia, induced by pruritus or by a behavioural/psychogenic trigger
    - - asymmetrical alopecia
        
        suggestive of bacterial infection or an infestation caused by dermatophytes or demodicosis
      - symmetrical
        
        internal/systemic conditions
        
        endocrinopathies
        
        paraneoplastic alopecia
        
        hypersensitivities
        
        psychogenic alopecia
  - - - suggestive of hyperadrenocorticism
    - - suggestive of paraneoplastic alopecia associated with pancreatic or biliary tumours
    - - erythema, erythroderma, followed by alopecia
        
        autoimmune conditions, neoplastic (epitheliotropic lymphoma) drug reaction, erythema multiforme or dermatophytosis
    - - suggestive of degernative mucinotic mural folliculitis
    - - suggestive of telogen effluvia or pseudopelade
    - - suggestive of congenital hypotrichosis or hypothyroidism
- - - - parasitic dz
        
        fleas, pediculosis, demodicosis, cheyletiellosis, otodectic mange
      - hypersensitivities
        
        adverse food reaction
        
        atopic dermatitis (environmental)
        
        flea bite hypersensitivity
      - dermatophytosis
      - hyperthyroidism
    - - dermatophytosis
      - pemphigus foliaceus, other autoimmune diseases of pemphigus group, systemic/cutaneous lupus
      - drug reaction
      - erythema multiforme
      - epitheliotropic lymphoma
- - - - congenital alopecia and hair abnormalities
      - alopecia due to self inflicted trauma
        
        true pruritus or psychogenic disorder
      - alopecia caused by loss of existing hair or spontaneous alopecia
        
        fracture of existing hair, folliculitis, follicular atrophy