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THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR, image, image, image, image, image, image -…

- - - - The Emperor had the support of the German Catholics, the King of Spain and Portugal
      - Protestants formed an alliance with Germany, but they were defeated.
    - - To prevent a Catholic victory, the Lutheran King of Denmark intervened, supported by England
      - the United Province fight against Spain.
    - - A group of Protestant nobles from Bohemia expelled the Catholics
      - appointed a Protestant king
    - - German Catholics seized the opportunity to take the Protestants' possessions
    - - Spain and the Holy Roman Empire became much more powerful
      - In 1643, the French army defeated the Spanish troops at the Battle of Rocroi.
  - - - Spanish monarchy
        
        lost their dominance over Europe
      - northern Low Countries
        
        independence was recognised
      - German states
        
        The sovereignty was recognised
      - Sweden
        
        became the dominant state on the Baltic coast.
      - France
        
        obtained territories in the Holy Roman Empire
        
        became the leading power in Europe.
- - - - consisting of ministers who acted under the orders of a Prime Minister or Chancellor.
    - - He made the laws and governed through decrees
- - - - The House of Lords
        
        represented the higher nobility.
      - The House of Commons
        
        acted in the name of the bourgeoisie.