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osteoporosis and osteoarthritis - Coggle Diagram
osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
osteoarthritis
causes
Osteoarthritis has often been referred to as a "wear and tear" disease. But besides the breakdown of cartilage, osteoarthritis affects the entire joint.
Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that enables nearly frictionless joint motion. Eventually, if the cartilage wears down completely, bone will rub on bone.
symptoms
Osteoarthritis symptoms often develop slowly and worsen over time. Signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis include:
stiffness
loss of flexibility
pain
the effect on bone and joint structure
The loss of cartilage leaves bones unprotected and vulnerable to damage
As the roughened cartilage becomes thinner, the bone underneath thickens and swells.
The smooth functioning of the joint is lost and the bone can lose shape and bony spurs may form on the bone end
Microfractures may also occur in the ends of the bones.
preventative strategies against osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a result of using your joints every day. The older a person gets, the more wear-and-tear happens. You can’t fully prevent it but you can help lessen daily stress on your joints. This can make it less likely that osteoarthritis will happen, or get worse.
things you can do to help prevent it
Keep a healthy body weight
Extra weight puts stress on your joints. It can most hurt your hips, knees, ankles and feet. And extra fat causes changes in the cartilage
Control your blood sugar
High blood sugar levels raise your risk of getting osteoarthritis
Be active every day
Exercise is a good way to prevent joint problems. It helps to keep joints from getting stiff. It keeps muscles strong. It's also an important part of treating arthritis
what is it?
It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.
osteoporosis
causes
A reduction in bone density causes osteoporosis, which makes the bones more brittle and easily broken. As we age, our bones weaken, but for some people, this process happens too fast. If you have risk factors for osteoporosis, you are more likely to develop the condition.
examples
low muscle mass and strength
not being physically active
smoking
not eating enough energy-rich foods or proteins
symptoms
Breaking or splitting a bone as a result of a minor injury, such as falling over, is the most common symptom of osteoporosis.
gradual height loss
back pain
stress fractures
the effect on bone and joint structure
Osteoporosis causes a decrease in spongy bone density as well as thinning of the cortical bone. The physical structure and soundness of your bones have changed as your bones have thinned to the point where osteoporosis is diagnosed. The cortical bone becomes thinner and the spongy bone becomes less thick, resulting in larger gaps developing between the struts' bony structure.
the medical technologies that are currently available for treatment
hormone replacement treatment
risks
increased risk of breast cancer
heart attack
stroke and blood clots
Can be used to treat symptoms of menopause, such as hot flushes, in some women. HRT can also help prevent bone loss, improve bone density and reduce fracture rate. HRT is not routinely recommended purely for osteoporosis treatment (or prevention) because of the risks associated with its long-term use
teriparatide
risks
Teriparatide cannot be used by people who have Paget’s disease, those younger than 25 years or those who have previously had radiotherapy to bones.
Is a synthetic version of human parathyroid hormone. It increases bone formation, thus increasing bone density, and reduces the risk of fractures.
side effects
nausea
headaches
dizziness
leg cramps
what is it?
Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that causes the bones to become less dense and more porous over time. If you have osteoporosis, a minor injury or fall increases the chances of breaking bones. Osteoporosis can be treated with bone-strengthening medications and lifestyle changes.
Osteoporosis is more common in women than in men however it is completely possible for men to still get it. Men who have a lower than normal testosterone level have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis.