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THE EVOLUTION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA - Coggle Diagram
THE EVOLUTION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA
Definition of instructional technology
Technology - technology as a tool for learning and technology as a process to improve learning.
Technology - technology as the systematic application of scientific or other organized knowledge to practical tasks (Galbraith, 1967)
instructional technology - the process involves designing, developing, managing, implementing and evaluating learning resources and instructional system
Early Definition 1920-1950
-in America and Malaysia, instructional technology direction was towards visual instruction .
in 1950s, the direction has shifted from visual instruction to audio visual instruction.
The 1960-70 Period
IT is a systematic way of designing, carrying out and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching
AECT defines instructional technology as a complex, integrated process involving people, procedure, idea, devices and organization.
IT as a process to solve teaching and learning problems.
the process is highlighted in 3 functions; instructional system function, instructional development function and instructional management function
IT is the media born of the communication revolutions which can be used for the instructional purposes, alongside the teacher, textbook and blackboard and present media
Educational Technology in Malaysia
teachers and educators are familiar with the terms audio visual aids, teaching aids radio and TV broadcasting.
in 1972, introduction of educational TV broadcasts
1974, the term educational technology was introduced by USM when Educational Technology Unit was set up at the Faculty of Education.
the term used to include all the use of all learning resources to facilitate teaching and learning process and also the use of systematic approach to plan and manage educational media program.
The 1980 - 2004 Period
Seels and Richey (1994) define IT as 'IT is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization , management and evaluation of processes and resources for learning
in Malaysia, the term instructional technology was not widely used not until 1981 when Teacher Training Centre used the term Instructional Systems Technology in one of the courses offered in the preservice teacher training program.
The 2002 Definition
“Instructional design and technology encompasses the analysis of learning and performance problems, and the design development, implementation, evaluation and management of instructional and non-instructional processes and resources intended to improve learning and performance in a variety of settings, particularly, educational institutions and work place”
The new definition (2004)
‘Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources’
2 major emphasizes
: (a) it emphasized on the importance of research or study that can facilitates learning and performance in work place (b) focuses on the importance of good ethical practice to search and construct knowledge