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HISTORY - Coggle Diagram
HISTORY
Industrial Revolution
A period in the 18th century where innovations and machines were introduced by Britain, slowly spreading to the rest of the world.
Main factors
Materials
Before the Industrial Revolution, coal was used as power. The UK had an abundance supply of coal, this improved the iron manufacturing ability due to using the coal to power machines and factories. Having lots of materials lead to increased number of trades.
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Manpower
80% of Britain's population were farmers. Before the Industrial Revolution, Britain experienced an Agricultural Revolution which made farming processes more efficient and less labour intensive. This resulted in less demand for farm workers.
Money
In 1750, the British banking system was the most advanced system in the world and London was the centre for finance and trade. With lots of money from selling goods and farmers, money was available for men with 'big ideas' to invest money for their inventions.
Role of Entrepreneurs - Middle class & well educated people that helped spread the revolution with their investments. Many wanted money and were able to buy more land with their profits.
Machine & Makers
Instead of products being manufactured by hand, machines made production more effectively.
1733 - English wool manufacturer John Kay invented the 'Flying Shuttle' which sped up the process of the manufacturing of textiles and reduced the numbers of workers.
1712 - Englishman Thomas Newcomen invented the first practical steam engine. This invention was greatly improved by Scottish inventor James Watt.
Market
Britain was the world's leading colonial power due to British Navy, people that travel on sea, usually to deliver goods. Britain manufactures coal to sell to different countries.
Mindset
Due to no worries or burden of war, people were able to work on advancements in technology that contributed to the Industrial Revolution.
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Significance
The Industrial Revolution made a great impact on the economic development on the world. The use of machinery improved productivity and allowed mass production.
Working conditions
As more and more factories were built, more worker were needed. With lots of people willing to work for money, employers set wages as low as they wanted.
People worked from 12 to 16 hours a day and received 10 cents per hour. Women received one-third or sometimes one-half the pay that men received. Owners who were only concerned with making a profit, were satisfied because labor costed less.
People working in factories were expected to work all day and only had a break for lunch and at the end of the day to eat dinner.
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Historical Sources
Primary
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Diary, painting, note, photograph, video recordings.
Secondary
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Newspaper, textbooks, documentaries.
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Living conditions
Urbanisation
People from rural areas moving to cities, increasing the population of urban areas.
With less people needed to work machines, people were left unemployed. People looking for jobs moved to the city to get employed and earn money.
People getting sick was a common issue. Due to having poor sewerage, the streets were filled with waste and rivers were contaminated which were the only sources of water. Diseases spread quickly and there was a lack in medicine due to not having any medicinal knowledge. Not having medical care meant that there were lots of death happening.
People lived in slums that were overcrowded and built in the cheapest way possible. Streets were narrow and was filled with rubbish and sewage. Due to poor drainage, there were no sewerage pipes to remove waste so they had to rely on cesspools.
WW1
World War 1, aka as The Great War, began in 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Fernidand of Austria and ended in 1918.
Causes
Alliance
Alliance is when two or more countries have an agreement to protect each other. If one was attacked, the country that agreed to the alliance are to help defend them.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany then declared war on Russia because of their alliance with Austria-Hungary. Britain then declared war on Germany.
1882 - Triple Alliance formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
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Imperialism
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Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia all ruled many countries across the world. They wanted to keep their empires strong and saw other countries taking over new territories as a threat.
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