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Bandura et al., 1961, Huesmann et al., 2003 - Coggle Diagram
Bandura et al., 1961
procedure
prior to the experiment the children were tested for their levels of "everyday" aggression according to 4 five-point scales
individual children were led into a room containing a variety of toys and were given 10 minutes to play in there and were observed
the first observational group consisted of 24 kids (12 boys and 12 girls) and they observed either a female or a male behaving aggressively towards a bobo doll (punching, throwing etc) and also verbal aggression.
second group consisted of 24 kids, but they watched a non-aggressive model who played quietly with a range of toys with no aggression
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results & implications
researchers found that children from group 1 exhibited far more aggressive behaviours than children from the other 2 groups
the children often exhibited the exact same forms of physical and verbal behaviour that they had seen in the models
boys tended to imitate more of the physically aggressive acts than girls and were much more likely to imitate models of the same gender than girls
transference of behaviour - the children not only imitated behaviour that they observed, but also exhibited new aggressive behaviour
social learning had taken place, and that similarly to role models (male or female) appeared to be a factor
method
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used a matched-pairs design for understanding the level of the kids aggression prior to the experiment
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strengths & limitations
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not a longitudinal study, meaning that this aggression might not develop into the kids" everyday lives
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Huesmann et al., 2003
procedure
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does the extent to which the child viewer identifies with the aggressive character or believes the plot is realistic affect the strength of the prediction?
to what extent does any long-term relation seem to be due to more aggressive children simply liking to watch violence, or due to some environmental, family or personal "third variable" that stimulates both childhood violence viewing and childhood and adult aggression?
to what extent does early childhood exposure to media violence predict young adult aggression and violence?
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method
follow up study was conducted on the same individuals, now as young adults in 1992
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results & implications
positive correlation between children's exposure to TV violence and later aggressive and violent behaviour in young adulthood
childhood perceptions that TV violence reflects real life and childhood identification with same-sex aggressive TV characters significantly correlated with adult aggression 15 years later
parent factors play a role in influencing both aggression and TV habits. however the results suggest that the parent factors probably do not account by themselves for the longitudinal correlations between TV violence viewing and later aggression
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strength & limitations
cannot be sure if the TV violence was definitely the reason for aggression in their later life, since other factors were not taken into account
study was conducted on people from the Chicago area, so it cannot be generalised for everyone
aim
to investigate the relationship between children's exposure to TV violence and later aggressive and violent behaviour in young adulthood