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Linsi Hernandez Period: 1 The Digestive/UrinarySystem. - Coggle Diagram
Linsi Hernandez Period: 1 The Digestive/UrinarySystem.
Major functions of the digestive system
The digestive system
ingests and digests food, absorbs released nutrients through longing into blood.
In which this case it is done by the organs mouth pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
Major functions of the urinary system
The Urinary's function is to e
liminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure
Major organs of the digestive system
The major organs of the digestive system are
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, stomach, small Intestine, Large intestine, Rectum and the Anus.
Helping along the way are the
pancreas, gall bladder, and the liver
Major organs of the urinary systems
The Urinary system consists of
Kidneys,Ureters, Urinary,Urethra, Renal pelvis, and the bladder
How do the major organs of the digestive system play an important role in the digestive system?
Pharynx;
pharynx permits the passage of swallowed solids and liquids
Esophagus
; The esophagus is a hollow muscular tube that transports saliva, liquids, and foods from the mouth to the stomach.
Stomach;
It is a temporary storage tank that starts chemical breakdown of protein digestion
Small Intestine; Is the major organ of digestion & absorption
Large Intestine;
Absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over.
What are the roles of the pancreas, gallbladder, and the liver.
Liver
; Digestive function is production of bile
Gallbladder
; Chief function is a storage of bile
Pancreas;
Supplies most of enzymes needed to digest chyme, as well as bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
What are the roles of the major organs of the urinary systems?
Ureters;
transport urine from kidney to urinary bladder
Urinary bladder;
temporary storage reservoir for urine
Urethra;
transports urine out of body
Renal Pelvis;
collects the urine and passes it to the ureter for excretion.
Kidneys;
remove waste products and excess fluid from the body.
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Proteases
(for proteins): produced in the stomach. Pepsin helps break down proteins into amino acids.
Amylase
(for carbohydrates); produced in the mouth. It helps break down large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules.
Lipases
(for lipids); split fatty acids off of fats and oils.
Pepsin;
carries out enzymatic digestion of proteins
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
All segments of the GI tract are divided into four layers:
Mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and serosa
Mucosa;
Tunic layer that lines lumen
Submucosa;
Consists of areolar connective tissue
Muscualris externa;
contains inner circular muscle layer & outer longitudinal layers
Serosa;
Outermostlayer which is made up of the visceral peritoneum
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Nephronsare the structural and functional units that forms urine in the Kidneys
It has 2 main parts called
Renal corpuscle
and
Renal tubule
The nephrons function is
filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Digestive system 5 disorders; Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) , stomach flu, Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Crohn disease, peptic ulcer disease
Urinary system 5 disorders; kidney stones, bladder cancer, urinalysis, overactive bladder, bladder disease
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Firstly
carbohydrate digestion/absorption
begins in the mouth which is where mechanical action of chewing occurs. However that does not mean that carbohydrates are chemically broken down in the stomach
Protein digestion/absorption
happens in the stomach and in the small intestine called duodenum in which the three enzymes called pepsin, trypsin, and pancreas break down food protein
Fat digestion/absorption
begins in the mouth which is where the lipids break down into diglycerides. Then the fat stimulates the release of lipase and bile from the liver which break down fats into fatty acids
Nucleic acid digestion/absorption
happens in the small intestine and the stomach which is where the enzymes that are produced by the small intestine and pancreas are located
Describe Renal Corpuscle & Reneal Tubule
Renal Corpuscle has 2 parts of renal corpuscle called Glomerulus & Glomerular capsule
Renal Tubule is about 3 cm long and it consist of single layer of epithelial cells, but each region has its own unique histology & function
What is the order of the digestive process?
Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption, and defecation
Where does mechanical breakdown and chemical breakdown occur?
The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine
It begins in your mouth with chewing, then moves to churning in the stomach and segmentation in the small intestine
What are the subdivisions of the small intestine
Duodenum;
mostly retroperitoneal curevs around head of pancreas
Jejunum;
attached posteriorly by mesentery
Ileium;
attached posteriorly by mesentery; joins large intestine ar ileocecal valve
How are macromolecules digested and absorbed?
Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body.
How many plates do us humans have?
Humans have two plates;
Hard plate;
formed by palatine bones & palatine process of maxillae with raphe
Soft plate
;** Fold formed mostly of skeltal muscle
Names of the 3 distinct regions
Renal cortex;
Granular appealing superficial region
Renal Medulla;
Deep cortex, composed of cone shaped medullary pyramids
Renal Pelvis;
Funnel shaped tube continuous with utreter
Identify the Verous flow
Cortical, radiate, arcuate, interloper, renal veins