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2.2.2 STALIN AND COLLECTIVISATION - Coggle Diagram
2.2.2 STALIN AND COLLECTIVISATION
ECONOMIC REASONS
MODERNISE the Soviet union's economy to compete with neighbours
larger collective farms would be better suited to the use of machinery
INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION
The state would be able to provide Motor Tractor stations - teaching peasants to farm in more modern ways
After the GRAIN PROCUREMENT CRISIS 1927-1928.
maintain control of grain production
IDEOLOGICAL REASONS
NEP was encouraging peasants to become capitalists
KULAKS became the enemy
A way to build communist values in the countryside
Increased patriotism - peasants encouraged to make money for themselves
POLITICAL REASONS
U-TURN ON BUKHARIN
Communist party gained power in the countryside
Enforced direct authority
TYPES OF FARM
KOLKHOZ
50-100 families
run by a chairman (communist member)
Relevant equipment was supplied by the state
1940 - 240,000kolkhozes had been created
SOVKHOZ
HUGE STATE FARMS
(3x Kolkhoz)
OUTDOOR WORKERS - Peasants were paid a fixed labour wage by the government
CENTRAL ASIA REGIONS OF RUSSIA
DEKULAKISATION 1929
Squads were sent out to expel kulaks
Kulaks were considered anyone who disagreed with collectivisation
SUCCESSES OF COLLECTIVISATION
BY 1935 90% of Soviet farmland was collectivised
1928-1930 - 73.5 to 83.5 million tonnes of grain harvested - 10.8 to 22.8 million tonnes of grain produced by the state
19 Million peasants moved to the cities
Stalin defeated Bukharin in the power struggle
By removing Kulaks, class divisions were ended
1940 - MTS for every 40 collective farms
Officials at MTS could ensure grain quotas were accurate.
FAILURES OF COLLECTIVISATION
Fall in livestock - cattle numbers halved by 1933
Never enough tractors at MTS to supply demand (poor quality)
Dekulakisation removed the most skilled and productive farmers
Peasants had no incentive to work hard - lowered potential production levels
Widespread famine in 1932-33 - 5 million deaths
Ukraine - HOLODOMOR