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2.2.1 STALIN AND INDUSTRIALISATION - Coggle Diagram
2.2.1 STALIN AND INDUSTRIALISATION
REASONS FOR RAPID INDUSTRIALISATION
FEAR OF INVASION
ASSASSINATION OF SOVIET DIPLOMAT PYOTR VOYKOV
FULL COMMUNISM ONLY EXISTED IN HIGHLY INDUSTRIALISED NATIONS
ALLOWED STALIN TO DEFEAT BUKHARIN
NEW CLASS OF NEPMEN
FAILURES OF THE NEP
GOSPLAN
These overall targets were then broken into targets for each region
The regions set targets for each factory, workshop, mine etc
The managers of each industrial business set targets for each foreman
Gosplan decided on overall targets for each industry in the Soviet Union
500,000 members of Gosplan
The foremen then set targets for each shift and even each individual worker
Gosplan was given the task of creating a series of FIVE YEAR PLANS
1924 - 34 members of Gosplan
FIVE YEAR PLANS
FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN
coal and iron output doubled
Steel production increased by a third
Economy grew by 14% each year
Targets were unrealistic and were not met
EXPAND HEAVY INDUSTRY
Lack of skilled workers
OCT 1928- DEC 1932
Poor working and living conditions
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
Moscow Metro , Moscow-Donetsk railway and Moscow-Volga canal
IMPROVE TRANSPORT LINKS - CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES AND HEAVY INDUSTRY
new industries developed eg fertiliser production
JAN 1933 - DEC 1937
Consumer industries received little investment
living standards were not raised
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN
1940 - third of government investment on defence
Powerful arms industry and nine aircraft factories
HEAVY INDUSTRY AND PRODUCE ARMAMENTS
JAN 1938 – JUNE 1941
Stalin's purges led to the arrest of factory workers
Cut short by the Nazi invasion in JUNE 1941
STAKHANOVITES
Alexei Stakhanov
August 1932 he mined 102 tonnes of coal in 6 hours
Posters, statues and propaganda
PUBLICITY STUNT
Stakhanovites were the pinnacle of communist ideology in practice
INDUSTRIALISATION
SUCCESSES OF INDUSTRIALISATION
Armaments were modernised which would later be crucial for defeating Nazi Germany
The White Sea canal 227km waterway connected the White Sea to the Baltic Sea and was completed in only 20 months
Showpiece projects were designed to ‘prove’ communism was better than capitalism
The Dneiper Dam was the world’s largest hydro-electric dam when it opened in 1932 (61m high, 800m across)
12 years, coal output 35 -> 150 million tonnes. steel - 3-18 million tonnes Oil 12-26 million tonnes Electricity 18-19 mil kWh
The 128km Moscow-Volga canal meant goods could be more easily moved through central and southern Russia
Stakhanovites received improved wages and living spaces
First line of the Moscow Metro was opened in 1935, built by 75,000 workers
Working class increased - unemployment vanished
MAGNITOGORSK - ussr's largest steel plant
By 1941 the Soviet Union had been transformed from a mainly agricultural society to a powerful industrial nation.
The Moscow-Donetsk Railways connected the capital with Ukraine
FAILURES OF INDUSTRIALISATION
High levels of waste - transport links led to poor organisation
High targets- managers resorted to bribery and theft to achieve them
Quality of goods produced in the factories was low - quantity over quality
Emphasis on heavy industry meant continuous shortages of consumer goods such as clothes, shoes and furniture
Soviet statistic were unreliable - output figures exaggerated to avoid imprisonment
Magnitogorsk was not a triumph - poor quality and working conditions
12,000 prisoners died on the white sea canal site
40,000 workers were political prisoners - Magnitogorsk
7 day working weeks, frequent injuries
Poor living conditions from housing shortages as urbanisation increased
Gosplan targets were too high and unrealistic often faked results and data