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TRAGEDY suffering and evil intense conflict extreme change,…

- - - - Catharsis of pity and fear
    - - a just and divine world order
    - - conflict and reconciliation of opposites: Apollo (reason) and Dionysus (passion)
  - - - Heroes as conscious wrongdoers driven by inordinate uncontrollable passions
- - - - inclusion of comic elements
        
        plebeian characters
        
        scenes of violent passion onstage
    - - change
        
        Interpersonal, moral and psychological
        Extreme and unexpected
      - Positive aspect of tragic events
        
        restoration of social order
        
        reunification
        
        reconciliation
        
        restoration of the protagonist's nobility through death
        -quality of constancy: a spiritual triumph over the forces of change
      - experience of suffering and distress
        
        emblematizing relationship between the play and the audience
        
        causes:
        
        abstract forces
        
        human error and weakness
        
        malice