Fascism Rises In Europe
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Fascism’s Rise In Italy
Leadership
Hitler Rises To Power In germany
Fascism was a new movement that pledged loyalty to ones state and leader. It was an extreme form of nationalism
Imperialism
Nazism was the Fascist movement that developed Germany in the 1920s and 30s. It included a belief in racial superiority of the German people.
In January 1933, the conservatives advised President Paul von Hindenburg to name Hitler chancellor.
Hitler called for new elections, hoping to win a parliamentary majority.
By stirring up fear of the Communists, the Nazis and their allies won by a slim majority.
Facsism
Political philosophy that exalts nation and often race above the individual and is led by an authoritarian government.
Totalitarianism
Hitler used his new power to turn Germany into a totalitarian state.
He banned all other political parties and had opponents arrested.
Hitler created a black-uniformed unit called the SS (Schutzstaffel, or protection squad)
It was loyal only to Hitler. In 1934, the SS arrested and murdered hundreds of Hitler’s enemies.
Fascism in Italy was led by Benito Mussolini
The Nazis quickly took command of the economy, including transportation and technology.
Hitler and the Nazi party wanted to seize power in Munich in 1923
Fascism was similar to communism because each leader only allowed one party, they both denied individual rights and neither practiced any kind of democracy
Values and Beliefs
Values and Beliefs
Hitler joined a group that shared his belief about the Treaty of Versailles
New laws banned strikes, dissolved independent labor unions, and gave the government authority over business and labor.
Communication
Hitler, like Mussolini, turned the press, radio, literature, painting, and film into propaganda tools.
Books that did not conform to Nazi beliefs were burned in huge bonfires.
Churches were forbidden to criticize the Nazis or the government.
Schoolchildren had to join the Hitler Youth (for boys) or the League of German Girls.
Hitler believed that continuous struggle brought victory to the strong.
Racism, which focused on the belief that Jews were inferior to the Aryan race both mentally and physically,
Hitler sent Nazi mobs to attack Jews in their homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish-owned buildings.
Beginning in 1933, the Nazis passed laws depriving Jews of most of their rights.
This rampage, called Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass), signaled the real start of the process of eliminating the Jews from German life.
Hitler’s “Final Solution” plan was to eliminate and exterminate the Jewish population in Europe, which later became known as the Holocaust
The group was called National Socialist German Worker's Party (Nazi)
The Nazi group policies formed the German brand of fascism known as Nazism
Hitler was the learder of the Nazi party
They failed and Hitler was sentenced to prison for 5 years
He was out in less than 9 months and was ready to take over
He was released in 1924 and revived the Nazi party
While Hitler was in jail he wrote book about how Jews, Salvs, and Gypsies were inferior
He then vowed to regain the German lands when he was released
Hitler promised to get more living space for the people through imperialism by rebuilding Germany' military. :
Hitler believed that Germany needed more lebensraum
Totalitarianism
When Hitler was released from Prison he vowed to regain the German lands and started his Nazi party back up
When he stated his lecture he was ignored by most Germans which made him furious
During this time the Great Depression has just ended and people were in the process of recovery.
With the Great Depression being over it helped Hitler's case because people were in need of a strong leader
American loans stopped, making Germany's economy to crash causing the people to turn to Hitler for leadership.
Hitler wanted to get more living space through imperialism and by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia
What personal characteristics helped Hitler gain success as a leader ?
What did Hitler believe were the rights and duties of the German master race?
Fascists did not seek a classless society because they believed that each class had it's place and function
To take back German Lands and regain living space
Why might Germans have put their faith in Hitler?
Because he blamed the the communists for the fire. So he looked like the good guy and people trusted him more.
being in army, fiery speeches, spoke loud/angry in speeches
Fascists were Nationalists while Communists were Internationalists
Fascisms rise is Italy was fueled by bitter disappointment over the failure to win large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference
What does Kristallnacht demonstrate about the power of the Nazis?
They had the power to get rid of all Jews without any consequences.
Does Fascism or Communism seem to be more concerned with the welfare of the people?
Why did Hitler burn books?
Communism is more concerned for the people because Fascism cares more about the state
Benito Mussolini promised to rescue Italy by reviving it's economy and rebuilding it's armed forces
What was it like for Jews to lose all their rights in Germany?
Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist party in 1919
Mussolini promised Italy strong leadership and as economic conditions got worse his popularity increased
Why did Mussolini’s popularity increase as Italy’s economy declined?
He offered strong leadership in change which gave people hope
Groups of Fascists wearing black shirts attacked Communists and socialists on the streets
Mussolini began to win support from the middle class, the aristocracy, and industrial leaders because he played on the fear of a Worker's revolt
In October 1922, about 30,000 Fascists marched on Rome. They demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the government.
The king had decided that Mussolini was the best hope for the "dynasty" to survive after widespread violence and a threatened uprising
Now that Mussolini was now the leader, he abolished all democracy and outlawed all political parties except the fascists
He used terror and violence to enforce his policies and secret police jailed his opponents.
Government censors forced radio stations and publications to broadcast or publish only Fascist doctrines and Mussolini outlawed strikes.
Mussolini sought to control the economy by allying the Fascists with the industrialists and large landowners
Mussolini never had the control achieved by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union or Adolf Hitler in Germany.
Nationalism
