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Language and Communication: Assumptions and Misunderstanding, STUDENT NAME…
Language and Communication: Assumptions and Misunderstanding
Grice's four rules or maxims framework
Maxim of quantity
Provide enough information to make meaning clear but not more information than necessary
Maxim of relevance
Provide information that is germane to the topic being discussed
Maxim of quality
Effort to communicate only accurate information
Maxim of manner
Avoiding ambiguity in language
Communication misunderstanding
Language barrier
Limited English language skills
Different intonation pattern
Stressing verb only in pronunciation
Stressing all sentences in pronunciation
Consequences
Hospital setting
serious health problem
Immigrant
fail to obtain their entitled services
delays in receiving services
needs for multiple visits to have an accepted application
Assumptions needed for understanding language
Conversational level of directness
Direct
direct meaning
norm for informal communication between family members
Indirect
sarcasm
preventing from hurting people feeling
prevent from being rude
used in formal/ working setting
cultures with Protestant relational ideology (PRI), no need for indirectness
Figurative language
idioms and metaphors
Not translated well across cultures and languages
easier to translate when literal meaning is similar to its intended figurative meaning
similarity in appearance more important than similarity in function
Use of humor in conservations between native and non-native speakers of English
Avoid controversial topic
Avoid the usages of idioms
Avoid using jokes that is not translated well
Differences between dialect
Dialects differs in term of vocabulary and syntax
dialect spoken by dominant majority often being assumed as the correct dialect
Language systems that differ significantly must be learned in different ways
writing system
English: Phonetic, alphabet represent sounds
Chinese: ideographic, symbols represent words/ morphemes
reading system
Hong Kong: read by sight, associating characters with words they represent
US: read primarily with phonics instruction, letters represent sounds
NOT ALL GROUP DIFFERS
as there are group who similar in: phonological awareness, visual processing ability
STUDENT NAME: ANIS NATASHA BINTI CHE ISMAIL (69098)