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Irish question - Coggle Diagram
Irish question
IRISH ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Rural nation
I.R little impact
lands owned by english landlords
prod° sold by landlords
farmers lived on prod° of own small gardens
:red_cross: pop° growth like in Brit
constantly decreased bc of famine + emigration
A. the great famine (1845-1850)
1845
virulent disease
failure of potato crop
FAMINE
Brit gov reaction
too late + inappropriate
corn bought from ame
relief committees run by protestant elites
insufficient + inadequate
Malthusian principles prevented action
death seen as inevitable
"regulation for overpop°"
famine
symptom of corrupt soct
Irish lazy + unorganized
1850
1M :black_flag:
1845 - 1856
2M ppl emigrated
Revival of nationalism
bc of famine == soc + pltcal instability
clear that Eng unable to deal w famine
Young Ireland Movement 1848
rebellion of cath tenants // farmers
crushed + leaders deported to TASMANIA
fuelled nationalist movement
"springtime of the people" in europe
B. emigration from Ireland
19th c
central historical fact
started bf and continued aft famine
1830s 1840s
children emigrated bc :red_cross: inherit farms
massive during famine
1815- 1840
1M ppl emigrated
1845 - 1870
3M ppl
encouraged by charitable soct
fav destinations
ENG + SCOT
N.AME
Irish pop°
1840 = 8M
1900= 4M
18th c
grew faster than eng pop
AFT famine
decreased sharply + never got back to pre-famine level
CONCLUSION
Revival of nationalism
same all through in europe
Irish q°
central in B. politics
"reform too little too late"
failure long lasting effect
INTRO
12th - 17th c
Ireland gradually occupied by Britain
17th c
plantation policies
80% land confiscated from Irish cath
placed into hands of anglican settlers
British rule
until 1922
Eire (south) = IRISH FREE STATE
Partition = failure of U°
1949
Eire = fully indie !! REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
Ulster still part of UK
I. IRELAND IN THE UK
A. act of union
17th c
colo° == cath deprived of rights of citizenship
Irish parliament
pro england
promoted interests of anglican landlords
1793
Richest cath enfranchised
vote to all men rental value + 2£/y
still could not be elected tho
1798
Cath Rising
violently repressed by B.Army
direct rule from westminster imposed
cause of act of U°
1800/1801
ACT OF UNION
Suppression of Irish parliament
100 MPs for Id
Anglican church = official church of Id
free trade betwn Id + Eng
HOWEVER
cath still excluded from vote
non anglican not allowed to sit in P
majt of them = peasants = no property qualif°
B. cath emancipation
1820s
Daniel O'Connell (the liberator) founded cath asso°
1828
stood for election
backed by cath church
elected
1829
CATHOLIC RELIEF ACT
Cath allowed to sit in P
no more discri° in voting
HOWEVER
property qualif° from 2 to 10£/y
limited impact of cath emancipation on number of voters
1832
REFORM ACT = applied to eng + wales
But o/ specific acts passed same year for scot + Id
+5 MPS for Id
bigger electorate but still smaller than eng
1884 THIRD REFORM ACT
uniform voting system throughout brit. isles
diff remained in wealth
1891
male voters
ENG = 62%
ID= 58%
SCOT = 56%
19th c
++ Irish nationalism
campaigned for improved rights
autonomy/ indie
HOME RULE DEBATES
A. gladstone + home rule
1860s
++ irish nationalism
bad harvests + threats of famine again
2 organisations created
Fenian Movement
Irish- Amé secret orga°
violent actions // Eng in ID
Land league
defend tenants // landlords
Charles Parnell ; protestant for self gov
Rent Resistance
violent methods of coercion
1868
William Gladstone
PM (1868-1874/1880-1885)
measures in favor of Id freedom
opposed by Westminter + Irish nationalists
1869
Irish church disestablished
anglicanism :red_cross: official religion
1870-1909
5 land acts
reinforce rights of tenants
promote tenant ownership
1880s
nationalist movement intensfied
1882
Gladstone nephew assassinated
national debate on Home Rule
v. unpopular
1886
1ST HOME RULE BILL
Defeated in commons ; liberals //
1893
2ND HOME RULE BILL
defeated in lords ; conservatives //
"necessary tighten bonds of empire"
: :red_cross: encourage emancipation everywhere
B. easter rising + Partition
1911
Reform of house of lords
impossible to veto a bill passed 3 times in commons
++ tensions
Liberals proposed 3rd H.R.B
1912 + 1913
rejected by lords
WW1
issue unresolved
1916
nationalist insurrection violently repressed by gov
1919 -1921
War of Indie
1922 partition
1949 full autonomy