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ARA102 S21 Topic (5) Politico-Religious Movements, 2pm Section , group…
ARA102 S21 Topic (5) Politico-Religious Movements, 2pm Section , group main room
Shia
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They believed that the rightful heir was Ali b. Abi Talib After the death of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)
Sufism/
Tasawwuf
Concept + Definition
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The Arabic term tasawwuf is derived from:
-suf which means ‘wool’
-tasawwuf literally means ‘to dress in wool’
The foundation of the Sufi orders (tariqa, which literary means ‘way’ or ‘path’) was deeply rooted in the notion of a special and personal murshid-murid relationship
Stages of Growth
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5. 16th century onwards: The final transformation of the Sufi brotherhoods into organizations properly
Famous Sufis
Abu Hamid Al-Ghazzali
- Persian Sufi
- theologian
- jurist
Jalal al-Din Rumi
- The greatest Persian Sufi poet
- Inspired the Mawlawiyya Sufi order / the whirling dervishes
Ibn Arabi
- Andalusian Sufi
- philosopher
- Fuses philosophy with Sufism
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Muslim Brotherhood
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Founded in 1928 by Hasan al-Banna, the Muslim Brotherhood came to be the leading party in Egypt in 2011-2012 and is also active in other Arab and Muslim countries
Politics
It initially aimed to spread Islamic morals and good works, but it soon dived into politics
By the end of 1948 the MB was dissolved by the Egyptian government for attacking British and
Jewish interests.
A year later, in 1949, Hasan al-Banna was shot dead by an unknown gunman
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After a failed attempt on the life of the Egyptian President Nasser in 1954, the MB was banned, some of its leaders
executed, and thousands of its members imprisoned and tortured
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The election of MB candidate, Muḥammad Mursi, in highly controversial presidential elections in 2012 marked a
historic victory for the MB, from a banned party to the leading one
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Wahhabism
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Founder and his beliefs
He emphasized the importance of eradicating any superstitious or foreign practices adopted by Muslims over the centuries
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The Wahhabi Movement
The 18th century reformers, including Muhammad b. Abd al-Wahhab, were not revolutionary and their purpose
was not political.
They wished for Islam to be reflected in the political system and for the system to support Islam in both private
and public life
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The later Wahhabi movement came to inherit a legacy of extremism and intolerance : It is the promotion of violence against anyone who did not adhere to the doctrine of tawhid