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CH 8: Historical Comparison of Population Dynamics - Coggle Diagram
CH 8: Historical Comparison of Population Dynamics
1.) Measures & Models of Growth:
Component Methods- a more precise alternatives that analyze growth by the influence of births, deaths, in- and out-migration
Difference Methods- a simpler & more crude measurement of population growth
3.) Demographic Transition in the Less Industrialized Countries:
Latin America experienced the most dramatic population fluctuations
Europe progressed through Stage II with the help of the industrial revolution, improved technological, health and medical innovations, while the rest of the world remained in Stage I
Asia’s population has doubled once & Africa’s population has doubled twice since 1 AD
2.) The Four Stage Process:
From Stage 2 to 3: Defined by growth rates that have been in decline since 1875, an intentional decrease in fertility & controlling natality with birth control and contraceptives
From Stage 3 to 4: Europe has now completed its demographic transition and come full-circle with the real possibility that births rates could fall below death rates
From Stage 1 to 2: Defined by low population growth rates because of high mortality, large number of children necessary for family survival, the founding of modern science & introduction of mortality control practices
4.) The US Population Growth & Change:
The only industrialized country projected to be among the 12 most populated nations by midcentury and to remain from the top 12 in 1950
In 1790, Virginia had the largest population with nearly 3/4 of a million people
One of the few countries in the world today that has a census taking history that extends all the way back to 200 years ago
By 1920, more than 1/2 the US population was living in cities
At the turn of the 20th century, the US approached incipient decline
1.) Measuring Growth by Difference:
Growth = Pt – P0
Percentage growth is (G/P0) x 100
Linear Growth Model
Exponential Growth Model
Double Timing
1.) Measuring Growth by Components:
Fundamental Equation: G = (B – D) + (I – O)
(B – D) is natural increase
(I – O) is net migration
2.) Early World Population Growth:
Demographic transitions- The occurrence of prolonged & relatively permanent changes in population
growth rates
There were only 5 million people on earth in 8000 BCE & 7 million people in 4000 BCE
1000 BCE, The era of King David’s reign in Judea & the spread of the Iron Age into Europe led to a human population of 50 million people
Next 1000 years to 1 AD led to improved sanitation & agricultural techniques with a population that increased rapidly to somewhere between 170 and 400 million
The next 1000 years resulted in a world population growth that was slow & irregular
4.) The Aging of the World's Population:
Less-developed countries are aging twice as rapidly as the world as a whole
The elderly population is expected to triple by 2050 & worldwide people aged 60 in 2010-2015 could have expected to live 20 years or more
More than half of the billion adults 55 years and older live in less-industrialized areas
A major demographic consequence of fertility decline is an older population due to a decline in the proportion of young people
3.) The Prospects of Future Population
Growth:
By 2150 the world will reach ZPG
Less-industrialized nations’ share of the world’s total will increase
By 2050 the world’s population should double in size from 1990