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Coasts Revision - Coggle Diagram
Coasts Revision
Mangroves
Where?
saltwater coasts, 118 tropical and subtropical countries.
Between the Tropic of Capricorn and Cancer
Adaptations?
They can survive in water.
Mangrove trees have become specialized to survive in the extreme conditions of estuaries. Two key adaptations they have are the ability to survive in waterlogged and anoxic (no oxygen) soil, and the ability to tolerate brackish waters.
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Longshore Drift
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- backwash is always at right angles to the beach
- swash is forward on an angle in the direction of the prevailing wind
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Sand Dunes
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Importance?
They are able to absorb the impact and protect inland areas from high energy storms and act as a resilient barrier to the destructive forces of wind and waves.
Problems?
Dunes provide habitat for highly specialized plants and animals, including rare and endangered species. They can protect beaches from erosion and recruit sand to eroded beaches. Dunes are threatened by human activity, both intentional and unintentional (see sand theft and sand mining).
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Waves
Constructive Waves
Long wave length.
Created in calm weather or by distant storms. Widely spaced apart - they break less frequently than destructive on the shore. Less powerful than destructive waves, but they are surging waves (they good up the beach) with a stronger swash which pushes material up the beach. These waves create wide and gently sloping beaches where constructive waves occur regularly.
Destructive Waves
Formed by storms close to the shore (strong winds causing more energy to be transferred to the sea's surface to form a strong swell). Waves break on the coast with greater downward force than constructive waves. Taller than they are wide (they have a short wave length) so break with a higher frequency on the shore (more waves break per minute). Little swash, but the backwash is strong which pulls beach material down the beach.
Erosion
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Landforms
Cracks, Cave, Arch, Stack, Stump
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Headlands and Bays
Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock. This leaves a section of land jutting out into the sea called a headland. ... The areas where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headland, are called bays.
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stack and stump