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Hypoglycemia - Coggle Diagram
Hypoglycemia
Pathophysiology
the management of blood glucose levels depend on insulin levels, available glucagon, and the secretion of catecholamines, GH, and cortisol - if there are abnormalities in any of these, hypoglycemia can occur
defined as a syndrome that develops when the blood glucose is <70 mg/dL
can occur from other causes besides the pharmacologic treatment for diabetes
causes of hypoglycemia can be separated into exogenous, endogenous, and functional
Medications
metformin
rosiglitazone, pioglitazone
glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride
januvia, onglyza, combination of other medications
Pertinent Assessment Findings
dandelion, onion, garlic, and ginseng can lower blood glucose
hypoglycemic symptoms may sometimes be absent and the patient will be unaware that they are hypoglycemic, leading to sudden mental changes
symptoms of hypoglycemia can be separated into adrenergic and neuroglucopenic
symptoms include shakiness, nervousness, irritability, tachycardia, anxiety, lightheadedness, hunger, tingling or numbness of the lips and tongue, and diaphoresis
Interventions
be aware of symptoms that are hypoglycemic
never take more than what is prescribed for the ordered medication
continue to monitor blood glucose levels
Patient Education
if hypoglycemia is not treated it can lead to death
some form of glucose should easily treat hypoglycemia if caught ahead of time
if hypoglycemia occurs, patient should be treated following the 15/15 plan