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Altered Hormonal Processes - Coggle Diagram
Altered Hormonal Processes
SIADH
Diagnostic
Criteria
Hyponatremia (<135)
Low plasma osmolality
Hypernatremic urine
Decreased urine output
Absence of other endocrine abnormalities
Treatment Modalities
Water restriction
IV fluids to
replace sodium
(avoid ODS)
Medications to block effects of ADH
Removal of the tumor
causing the SIADH
Clinical
Manifestations
Hyponatremia
decreased urine output
nausea/vomiting
psychosis/seizues
headache/disorientation/weakness
Often caused by tumor
secreting excessive ADH
Diabetes Insipidus
Diagnostic Criteria
Patient history
Recent cranial
surgery or injury
Physical
examination
Dry mucous membranes
Bladder enlargement
Laboratory testing
Treatment Modalities
Hydration
IV fluid replacement
Antidiuretic medications
Clinical
Manifestations
Polyuria
Polydypsia
Very diluted urine
Causes
Insufficient production of ADH
Poor response to ADH
Ingestion of extremely high volumes of fluids
Impaired osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
Hyperthyroidism
Diagnostic Criteria
Patient/family history
Physical examination
Laboratory testing
Treatment Modalities
TSH production inhibition
Thyroidectomy
Radioactive iodine
Clinical Manifestations
Thyroid enlargement
Excessive metabolic rate
Exophthlamos
Causes
Excessive stimulation of thyroid (Grave's disease)
Thyroid disease
Excess production of TSH
by pituitary adenoma
Medications that contain
large amounts of iodine
Cushing Syndrome
Diagnostic Criteria
24-hour monitoring of
urinary cortisol levels
Imaging studies
Treatment Modalities
Removal of cause of excess hormone
Corticosteroid medications for
tapering of excess levels
(avoid adrenal crisis)
Clinical Manifestations
Hyperglycemia
Altered fat metabolism
Muscle wasting, protein degredation
Hirsutisim
Causes
Prolonged exposure to
glucocorticoids (prednisone)
Pituitary tumors
Adrenal gland tumors
Ectopic production of
ACTH or CRH
Addison's Disease
Diagnostic Criteria
Physical examination
Laboratory CMP levels
Corticosteroid levels
Treatment Modalities
IV fluid replacement
Clinical Manifestations
Hypoglycemia
Weakness/fatigue
Dehydration
Hyponatremia/hypokalemia
Hypotension
Causes
Destruction of
pituitary gland
Tumor
Radiation
Surgical removal
Hypothyroidism
Diagnostic Criteria
Patient history
Physical examination
Laboratory testing
Treatment Modalities
Thyroid hormone
replacement medications
Clinical Manifestations
Fatigue
Weight gain
Memory impairment
Lethargy
Causes
Congenital
Cretinism (untreated)
Acquired
Greatest risk in people 80+
Destruction of the thyroid
Impaired hormone secretion