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Chapter 5 A tale of Two Schools: Indiana Institution and Evansville Day…

- - - - bill created new board of trustees at Indiana Institution
  - - - Reublican
        
        died in 1877
        
        economic difficulties began affect economy
  - - - member of democratic patry and no experience with either educational administration or need of deaf students
  - - - closure affected enrollment
  - - - lef organization known as Indiana Association of the Deaf.
        
        resolution called for state have one state institution for deaf students
        
        resolution too little and too late.
  - - - Indiana Instituion hire MacIntire in 1852
        
        close friend of Oliver Morton
        
        vulnerable to shift political
- - - - government fund help build dorms and expenses of facilities
        
        mark shift toward day schools after civil war.
  - - - more trouble for Indiana Institution, alumni founded
        
        40 years existence of Indiana Institution, all deaf go here.
    - - unexplained hearing loss at early age
        
        did not know own name until age 15 when enter Kentucky Institution
        
        lost both parents before grad from Indiana Institution (1879)
        
        graduate from Gallaudet College
        
        work as file clerk in Dept of Commerce in Washington
    - - fit larger national trend in US
  - - - oral method - stress speech training and speech reading
        
        used for children not completely lost hearing from England , Germany
      - Oral instructions
        
        require small class and parent involvement in speech training.
        
        state institutions distant from majority of parents, deprive parents opp to receive training in oral methods use in home
  - - - announced in Evansville public schools
        
        first time another deaf school existed in indiana
  - - - before 1876, all deaf children sent to ASD but they not offer speech training classes.
        
        women setup class in Portland Maine to teach deaf children speak , began Portland Day School (oralist)
  - - - several start by deaf people
        
        1875, Philip Emery propose Chicago School Board
        
        graduate of Indiana Institution
        
        establish classes for deaf students in Chicago neighborhoods, obtain state funding by 1879
        
        William French
        
        alumnus of Indiana Institution
        
        founded Eastern Iowa day school in Dubuque (1888)
        
        Robert MacGregor
        
        founder of Cincinnati day school (1892)
        
        first president of NAD
    - - 2 major motivations
        
        politically appointed superintendents
        
        overcrowding of Indian Institution
- - - - challenge Indiana Institutions monopoly of state fund education for deaf children
        
        4 factors attempt to receive government support
        
        state institutions proliferated across indiand after 1865.
        
        indiana institution in Indianapolis crowded
        
        private day school convert to state institutions or start recieve state support
        
        unmet needs of all states deaf children ages 5-20, 1/3 were enrolled
  - - - Orson Archibald
        
        deaf and instructor, prepared bill, 3 weeks, unsucessful
  - - - Dec 30, 1886, exhibition of skit and recitations to 1,200 in Evans Hall
  - - - Lieutenant Govenor Robert S Robertson
        
        general election of 1886, Democratic controlled Senatte repudiated him
        
        two house operated mutual, refuse cooperate.
        
        little business transacted and few laws enacted.
  - - - Indiana institution force publish own weekly on controversies
        
        plagiarism
        
        spoiled food
  - - - local group Men's Association 5-story for meeting and office
        
        Evans Hall - city founder General Evan hold 2,000 people
        
        3 deaf grandchildren, wealthy, extensive property in city.
  - - - enrollment remained constant since 1886
        
        beginning rapid growth, space for 60 children
        
        growth didnt materialize years.
  - - - forest provide lumber for manufactures
        
        farm ship grain to mills
        
        tobacco from Kentucky to process into cigars
        
        large German population of southern Indiana and Illinois business for breweries.
- - - - 9 pupil enrolled, 4 residents city, 5 country.
        
        before 1897-1898 school year start. approve measure convert basement to classroom
        
        after Lange resignation, schoolboard closed facility
  - - - Gillet report he was pleasant.
        
        complained Gilet wanted him to introduce articulation and speech training.
        
        continues Kerneys attempt to convert EDS in state institution.
        
        resigned in Sept 1901
  - - - Philip Gillet former superintendent of Illinois Institution of the Deaf, now president of oralist rganization "American Association to promote teaching of speech to the deaf
        
        duty travel among schools to observe speech training.
  - - - Kerney requested Deaf Mute School of this city be closed and pupils be sent to State Institution
        
        9 pupils, 3 present when Gillet present
  - - - 1897 pamphlet deaf children found to have 1 or 2 years of schooling from Indianapolis school
        
        2 years were inadequate
  - - - removal caused public outcry
        
        school had no teacher
- - - - located on 80 acre propert in indianapolis
        
        each building had 2 floors, large windows, fresh air, dorm and dining room separated from main building.
        
        any deaf child can attend Indianapolis school
        
        name change Indiana State School for the Deaf.
        
        "State" emphasize deaf school was for whole state. no longer regarded as asylum or institution.
  - - - suffer overcrowd
        
        complaints of obsolete bathing facilities, inadequate heating and insufficient lavatories.
        
        health and safety issues, required new campus
  - - - economy booming
        
        US Corp built new town Gary, large steel mills
        
        Natural Gas discovered
        
        new towns created
        
        coal mines doubled from 3-6 million tons from 1890-1900 increased by 18 million tons by 1910
        
        farms, property doubled in 10 years 1900-1910
- - - - advocate educational innovations,
        
        ordained Presbyterian minister but welcome Catholic Masses
  - - - superintendents continued political appointees
  - - - budget issues and defensive positions
        
        educational innovations
  - - - lost solicit funds for library
  - - - previous slow growth of school library.
  - - - Richard O Johnson, attorny, board of trustees, knew some sign
  - - - widely accepted hearing oralists active
        
        use sign language
        
        state residential institution observe school move through entire spectrum of deaf ed
  - - - Charles Kerney deaf, no more EDS
        
        Forgotten
- - - - controversies over oralism, manualism, and residential institutions and day schools were at peak
  - - - elected first superintendent James S Brown (hearing) and former teacher in Ohio Institution for the Deaf.
        
        resign in 1852 to establish institution for deaf students in Louisiana.
        
        his successor Thomas MacIntire, served 27 years.
  - - - founded private school ; Indiana Institution for the Ed of the deaf and Dumb (1843)
        
        next year, state took over, ensure school future but also problem caused
  - - - Indianapolis school powerful and politically well connected. not always been