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The thorax - Coggle Diagram

- - - - One continuous rib = True Axial Plane
      - Multiple ribs seen = Oblique Plane
    - - at 4CH Level (calipers outside ribs, do not include skin)
      - TC/AC ratio constant at all GA’s (.94 +0.05)
      - Measure if you suspect skeletal dysplasia
  - - - Number of airway passages (↑++ 16-24 weeks)
      - Cells flatten that line the airways (24 wks+)
    - - Prematurity
      - Oligohydramnios
    - - Echogenicity
        
        Early gest -hypoechoicto liver
        
        Later gest -hyperechoicto liver
      - If Heart Off-Axis consider:
        
        Lung mass → ABN texture
        
        IntrathoracicMasses
        
        Abnormal Fluid collections
      - Texture
        
        Homogeneous (r/o Cystic/Solid Lesion(s))
        
        Pitfalls
        
        Enhancement from blood filled heart
        
        Shadowing from ribs
  - - - Bypass lungs
      - Foramen ovale (RA to LA)
      - Ductus Arteriosus(PA to Desc Ao)
    - - Congenital heart diseaese
      - Challenges
        
        MBH (maternal body habitus)
        
        GA
        
        11-15 wks
        
        16-17 wks… ?NWS
        
        18-22 wks (Markers + Anatomical Detail) (Screen for CHD)
        
        22 wks (Golden Opportunity)
- - - - Don’t change aspect the beam entering fetus
      - Only change
        
        Angle Cephalic/Superior
        
        
        
        Pivot to Shoulder