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Henry VIII - Coggle Diagram

- - - - John Colet, the influential humanist, founded St Paul's School
      - Schools and Universities began to adopt Platonist teaching principles, aiming to create "philosopher kings"
      - Erasmus was very popular in intellectual circles
    - - Classical learning increased among the elites.
        
        More schools were influenced by humanists.
        
        Henry VIII saw himself as a promoter of humanism.
        
        The Crown employed fashionable and educated diplomats.
      - Henry commissioned renaissance-style designs like the Lady Chapel in Westminster
      - Henry preferred the more conservative Northern Renaissance than Italian renaissance style, especially in painting
  - - - Corruption: pluralism, simony, non-residence was widely practiced. People used Church positions in order to advance their own interests. Cardinal Wolsey was famously corrupt
      - Anticlericalism: people objected to the legal privileges of the clergy and to canon law. The Murder of Richard Hunne in 1514 caused an outburst of anticlericalism
      - Decline of monasticism: there were widespread arguments that monasticism was outdated and large monasteries had essentially become businesses with huge wealth. Wolsey had dissolved around 20 redundant houses in the 1520s to fund his Oxford college
    - - Little evidence of a substantial movement following Lutheranism's emergence in Germany. However there was a small movement at the White Horse inn in Cambridge in the 1520s
    - - Many reformers, such as Thomas Cranmer, had humanist connections. A humanist approach is evident in the last years of Henry's reign, when Cranmer remained in favour and John Cheke tutored Edward VI. Katherine Parr was a humanist.
    - - The King became the head of the Church, confirmed by the Act of Supremacy 1534
        
        Cromwell was appointed Vicegerent in Spirituals, outranking archbishops
        
        Six new dioceses were created, attempting to improve administration
    - - First set of royal injunctions in 1536 restricted holy days and pilgrimages, encouraged improved moral conduct
      - Second set in 1538 were much more radical. Condemned veneration of relics and images and pilgrimages. Priests who supported them had to recant. Required every parish to have an English bible
    - - Required by 1538 injunctions. First edition came in 1539, showing Henry bequeathing the bible to his people
      - Henry changed his mind within 4 years and restricted the reading of the bible to upper class males in the Act for the Advancement of True Religion 1543
    - - Beliefs like justification of faith and consubstantiation were introduced
      - 1536 Ten Articles: Had both Catholic and Lutheran influences. Only three sacraments were seen as necessary for salvation (Lutheran) but Confession was praised (Catholic). Praying to saints for remission of sins was rejected (Lutheran)
      - 1537 Bishops Book: the rejected four sacraments were restored but given a lower status
      - 1539 Six Articles: Reasserted Catholic doctrine. Denial of transubstantiation was deemed heretical
      - 1543 King's Book: Revised the Bishop's book with a conservative emphasis, but with Lutheran hints
  - - - Jurisdiction of the Pope had been destroyed
      - King was a much more visible authority
      - Monasteries had been dissolved
      - Huge transfer of resources from the Church to the Crown
      - Parishes were required to have English bibles
      - Culture had been influenced by humanism
      - Catholics like More and Fisher had been martyred
      - Renaissance ideas had been entrenched
    - - Hierarchy of the Church remained mostly intact
      - Interior of Churches remained mostly the same, as did Church services
      - Services remained in Latin and music was widely used
      - Fall of Cromwell and 1539 Six Articles Act damaged the cause for reform