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Charles Dickens' Hard Times (1854) - Coggle Diagram
Charles Dickens' Hard Times (1854)
Characters
Male characters
Mr. Bounderby
Friend and business associate of Mr. Gradgrind. Proud to say that he built his empire
Upper-class man, marries Louisa, represents "Facts" and "Morality"
Tom
Oldest son of Mr. Gradgrind, resentful, drinks and gambles
Young man, represents the need for liberty in an utilitarian world
Mr. Gradgrind
Kind but strict man, represents "Utilitarianism" and "Facts"
He is the father of Louisa, Jane and Tom, and he is the school board Superintendent.
Stephen Blackpool
Worker for Bounderby, drunken wife, cannot remarry
Old and tired but kind man, represents "Righteousness"
James Harthouse
Upper-class gentleman, represents "Liberty".
He tries to woo Louisa regardless of her married status.
Bitzer
Old classmate of the kids, represents "Facts"
Mr. Sleary
Owner of a circus in which Sissy Jupe's father works.
Kind man, represents "Fancy".
Female characters
Sissy Jupe
Raised in the circus, feelings are everything to her. She has to learn Facts and Utilitarianism's importance
She represents Fancy and innocence
Rachael
Worker for Bounderby and old friend of Stephen, she has a similar personality to that of Sissy
Louisa
Taught to suppress her feelings, marries an old Bounderby and lives an unhappy marriage
Represents "Facts" and "Righteousness", but slowly begins to leave that aside
Mrs. Sparsit
Widow employed by Bounderby who tries to catch Louisa with a lover, thus getting sacked by Mr. Bounderby
Jane Gradgrind
Younger child of the Gradgrinds, cheerful and the opposite of Louisa
Mrs. Pegler
Old woman who visits Coketown, later revealed to be Mr. Bounderby's mother
Mrs. Gradgrind
Wife of Mr. Gradgrind, invalid who constantly complains
Represents the lack of empathy and morality
Major themes
Utilitarianism
Fact vs. Fancy
Morality
Officiousness and spying on others
Righteousness
Liberty
Hand (Workers)
Organization of the book
Book II: Reaping
Book III: Garnering
Book I: Sowing
Main locations
Coketown, England
Bounderby State
Factory
The Gradgrind's House
Stephen Blackpool's House
Adaptations
1988 (in b&w) , by João Botelho, adapted to Portugal
1915 (silent film), directed by Thomas Bentley
1988 (for the radio)
2007 (for the radio)
2000 (for the stage) by Michael O'Brien and Marti Maraden
2018 (Northern Broadsides tour)
1977 (mini-series)
1994 (mini-series)
Literary significance
Women's role
Utilitarianism
Work rights
Social classes