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Hypoglycemia - Coggle Diagram
Hypoglycemia
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Medications
Glucose-elevating agents
(eg, glucagon, glucagon intranasal)
Inhibitors of insulin secretion
(eg, diazoxide, octreotide)
Glucose supplements (eg, dextrose)
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Interventions
Administer basal and prandial insulin.
Adherence to the therapeutic regimen promotes tissue perfusion. Keeping glucose in the normal range slows progression of microvascular disease.
Provide food or other sources of glucose as directed for hypoglycemia.
A rapidly absorbed form of glucose is indicated to manage hypoglycemia. These forms of glucose may include oral intake of hard candy or fruit juice. For the patient who cannot take something orally, intravenous injection of glucose may be indicated.
Assist the patient in identifying eating patterns that need to be modified.
Provide basic information for individualized dietary instruction related to the clinical condition that contributes to fluctuation in blood glucose levels.
Patient Education
Educate the patient about the proper ways of taking prescribed medications.
The patient with diabetes needs to learn about taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs to lower blood glucose.
Teach the patient on measuring capillary blood glucose. Capillary blood glucose monitoring provides the patient with immediate information about blood glucose.
Educate the patient about the importance of following a prescribed meal plan.
A prescribed meal plan will help the patient maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Pathophysiology
Hypoglycemia is characterized by a reduction in plasma glucose concentration to a level that may induce symptoms or signs such as altered mental status and/or sympathetic nervous system stimulation. This condition typically arises from abnormalities in the mechanisms involved in glucose homeostasis. The most common cause of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes is injecting a shot of insulin and skipping a meal or overdosing insulin.