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Environment - Coggle Diagram
Environment
Tragedy of the Commons
The challenge that, in a system of global politics dominated by self interest and competition for economic power and natural resources, states will be motivated to use and even harm the global commons to advance their own interests, rather than working together to protect these shared resources and environments.
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Ecolgism
Radicals (deep)
Its aim is to preserve and protect the natural environment for the benefit of the natural environment itself, regardless of the positive impact on humans.
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Introduced by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess as a way of thinking about humans and the environment. It is both scientific and philosophical, and even a religious, argument.
Rejects the notion that there are only state interests and argues that protecting the natural environment and the global commons itself fare essential political objectives in their own right.
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Policy proposals:
Rejecting all anthropocentrism/capitalism and embracing ecocentrism instead. Extreme ways to change our societies on a practical level.
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Ecocentrism: A theoretical orientation that gives priority to the maintenance of ecological balance rather than the achievement of human ends.
Ecofeminism. Domination over women leads to domination over nature. Men are the enemy of nature. Gov s made primarily of women.
Eco Anarchism. Domination over people leads to domination over nature. Abolition of the state and the establishment of decentralised, self managing communities.
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Reformists (shallow)
Its aim is to preserve the natural environment so that human beings can continue to benefit from it, rather than because protecting the environment itself Is a noble objective.
i.e. natural resources that are useful to human beings, such as oil and gash, should be used carefully and efficiently so that future generations can also make use of these resources.
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The idea of green politics emerged in the late 1970s, and with it the first references to 'green' political thinking and political parties. The first 'green' parties were founded in Belgium and Germany. In the UK, the Ecology Party became the Green Party in 1990.
Green parties have generally struggled to gain enough electoral support to form governments, though in some European states, like Germany or Latvia, they have governed as junior partners in a coalition government.
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Policy Proposals:
International regimes and systems of international regulation. Global governance offers the prospect that the impact of the tragedy of the commons can be reduced, although never removed. Countries working together, such as seen in the Paris Accords
Human ingenuity and the development of green technologies, such as drought resistant crops or carbon capture to prevent carbon going into the atmosphere.
Green taxes to incentivise companies which look after the environment, and punish those that don't.
Global Commons
The global resources and environment that are shared among nation-states, as no government or sovereign state owns them. These include the atmosphere, oceans, polar regions, and outer space.