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Digestive/Urinary System Mark Alejo Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive/Urinary System Mark Alejo
Period 1
Major functions of the digestive system
Mechanical Breakdown
Digestion
Propulsion(swallowing)
Absorption
Ingestion
Defecation
•Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Urinalysis-urine examined for sign of disease
Bladder infections- caused by bacteria
kidney stones- caused by infection and high blood levels of calcium
Constipation infrequent stool passage
•Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Large intestine
Vitamin K and B
other 5% of water
Small Intestine
Vitamin A, D, E, and K diffuse into absorptive cells
Vitamin C and B diffused by passive or active transports
Vitamin B12 absorbed by endocytosis
•Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Submucosa
Consists of areolar connective tissue
Contains blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphatic follicles
Muscularis externa
Muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
Contains inner circular muscle layer
Mucosa
Tunic layer that lines lumen
Different layers preform one or all three functions:
-Secrete mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones.
-absorbs end products of digestion
-protects against infectious disease
Serosa
Outermost layer made up of visceral peritoneum
•Nephron anatomy and physiology
Anatomy
Renal corpuscle
Glomerulus
Highly porous capillaries
Allows filtrate formation
Glomerular capsule
Has two layers: visceral and parietal
Visceral layer contains filtration slits between foot processes allowing filtrate into capsular space
Renal tubule
Nephron loop
"loop of Henle" u-shaped structure with 2 limbs descending and ascending
Ascending limb-thick limb with cuboidal and columnar cells
Descending limb-proximal part with continuous proximal tubule, thin limb simple squamous epithelium
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Brush border (cuboidal cells with dense microvilli) -Reabsorption and secretion
100 million per kidney
•Major organs of the urinary systems
Kidneys
Filtration of the blood excreting wastes
Urinary Bladder
temporary storage of urine
Ureter
transports urine from kidneys to bladder
Urethra
transports fluid outside of the body
•Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Lipase
To break down lipids
Nucleases
To break down nucleic acids
Amylase
To break down carbohydrates
Proteases
To break down proteins; secreted in inactive form to prevent self-digestion
•Major functions of the urinary system
Regulate total water volume
Regulate ion concentrate
Ensure long term acid balance
Excrete metabolic wastes
producing erythropoietin
•Major organs of the digestive system
Esophagus
peristalsis and transportation to stomach
Stomach
Mechanical and chemical breakdown using pepsins and hydrochloric acids from Parietal and Chief cells
Mouth/pharynx
Mastication mechanical breakdown and (swallowing) Deglutition
Small intestine
Chemical breakdown due to the introduction of bile and pancreatic juices; Absorbs water, Vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K and B12s
Large intestine
Absorbs water and vitamin K and B
Liver
Production of bile
Gallbladder
Storage of bile
Pancreas
Produces pancreatic juices that contain lipases, proteases, amylase, and nucleases