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SOLID STATE PHYSICS, LUA YU HUI A19SC0158 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - SAME KIND ATOMS
      - ALL LATTICE POINTS ARE EQUIVALENT
    - - DIFFERENT KIND ATOMS
      - SOME LATTICE POINTS ARE NON EQUIVALENT
    - - CENTERED RECTANGULAR
      - HEXAGONAL
      - RECTANGULAR
      - SQUARE
      - OBLIQUE
  - - - SIMPLE CUBIC
        
        APF = 0.52
        
        COORDINATION NUMBER = 6
        
        NUMBER OF ATOMS = 1
        
        CLOSED PACKED DIRECTION = CUBE EDGES
      - BODY CENTERED CUBIC
        
        APF = 0.68
        
        COORDINATION NUMBER = 8
        
        CLOSED PACKED DIRECTION = BODY DIAGONAL
        
        NUMBER OF ATOMS = 2
      - FACE CENTERED CUBIC
        
        APF = 0.74
        
        COORDINATION NUMBER = 12
        
        CLOSED PACKED DIRECTION = FACE DIAGONAL
        
        NUMBER OF ATOMS = 4
  - - - WIGNER SEITZ CELL
        
        2D CONSTRUCTION
        
        DRAW LINE ALINE FROM POINT TO NEIGHBOUR LATTICE
        
        DRAW ON EACH LINE A PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO EACH LINE
        
        CHOOSE ONE LATTICE POINT AT THE CENTER
        
        DIVIDE INTO HALF
        
        SMALLEST SHAPE BOUNDARIED BY PLANE & CENTERED BY LATTICE POINTS
        
        3D
- - - - POINT OPERATION
        
        REFLECTION / MIRROR, σ
        
        INVERSION , i
        
        IDENTITY, E
        
        ROTATION, Cn
        
        NON - STANDARD ROTATION Sn
        
        n - FOLD SYMMETRY
        
        2 - FOLD
        
        3 - FOLD
        
        4 - FOLD
        
        6 - FOLD
        
        AXIS OF ROTATION
      - TRANSLATIONAL OPERATION
      - COMBINED OPERATION
      - ELEMENTS OF SYMMETRY
        
        IN CUBIC CRYSTALS
        
        DIAGONAL PLANE
        
        6
        
        RECTANGULAR PLANE
        
        3
        
        CENTER OF SYMMETRY
        
        1
  - - - 13
    - - 1
    - - 9
- - - - IDENTIFY COORDINATE PLANES
      - TAKE RECIPROCALS
      - CLEAR FRACTIONS
      - IN PARENTHESES
  - - - PLANES EQUIVALENT TO PLANE ( HKL )THROUGH ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY
    - - FOR DIRECTIONS

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SOLID STATE PHYSICS

LUA YU HUI A19SC0158

INTRODUCTION CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

UNIT CELL

SYSTEM & TYPES OF LATTICES

POSITION, DIRECTION & PLANE IN CRYSTALS

SOLID MATERIALS

POLYCRYSTALLINE

AMORPHOUS (NON-CRYSTALLINE)

CRYSTALLINE

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

STUDY OF MATERIALS IN SOLID FORM

CRYSTAL

LATTICE

BASIS

DEFINING A CRYSTAL

BASIS / MOTIF

STRUCTURE

LATTICE

7 CRYSTAL SYSTEM

SHAPES FILL ALL SPACE ( NO HOLES )

CRYSTAL LATTICE

BRAVAIS LATTICE

NON-BRAVAIS LATTICE

SAME KIND ATOMS

DIFFERENT KIND ATOMS

ALL LATTICE POINTS ARE EQUIVALENT

SOME LATTICE POINTS ARE NON EQUIVALENT

SMALLEST REPEATING UNIT

DEFINED BY LATTICE PARAMETERS

5 BL IN 2D

CENTERED RECTANGULAR

HEXAGONAL

RECTANGULAR

SQUARE

OBLIQUE

14 BL IN 3D

TETRAGONAL

ORTHORHOMBIC

RHOMBOHEDRAL

MONOCLINIC

6.HEXAGOANL

TRICLINIC

CUBIC

3 COMMON UNIT CELLS

SIMPLE CUBIC

BODY CENTERED CUBIC

FACE CENTERED CUBIC

APF = 0.52

COORDINATION NUMBER = 6

NUMBER OF ATOMS = 1

CLOSED PACKED DIRECTION = CUBE EDGES

APF = 0.68

COORDINATION NUMBER = 8

CLOSED PACKED DIRECTION = BODY DIAGONAL

NUMBER OF ATOMS = 2

APF = 0.74

COORDINATION NUMBER = 12

CLOSED PACKED DIRECTION = FACE DIAGONAL

NUMBER OF ATOMS = 4

PRIMITIVE UNIT CELL & NON PRIMITIVE UNIT CELL

PRIMITIVE UNIT CELL

NON-PRIMITIVE UNIT CEL

WIGNER SEITZ CELL

2D CONSTRUCTION

3D

DRAW LINE ALINE FROM POINT TO NEIGHBOUR LATTICE

DRAW ON EACH LINE A PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO EACH LINE

CHOOSE ONE LATTICE POINT AT THE CENTER

DIVIDE INTO HALF

SMALLEST SHAPE BOUNDARIED BY PLANE & CENTERED BY LATTICE POINTS

LATTICE PARAMETERS

ANGLES BETWEEN SIDES

LENGTH IN NANOMETERS OR ANGSTROM

THEORETICAL DENSITY

MILLER INDICES

FAMILY OF DIRECTIONS

FOR PLANE

IDENTIFY COORDINATE PLANES

TAKE RECIPROCALS

CLEAR FRACTIONS

IN PARENTHESES

{ }

PLANES EQUIVALENT TO PLANE ( HKL )THROUGH ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY

HCP

MILLER BRAVAIS INDICES

[ ]

FOR DIRECTIONS

click to edit

LUA YU HUI A19SC0158

SYMMETRY OPERATION

IMPORTANT

SET OF SYMMETRY OPERATION

POINT OPERATION

TRANSLATIONAL OPERATION

COMBINED OPERATION

REFLECTION / MIRROR, σ

INVERSION , i

IDENTITY, E

ELEMENTS OF SYMMETRY

CRYSTAL SYMMETRY

LAW OF RATIONAL INDICES

LAW OF CONSTANCY OF SYMMETRY

AXES

CENTRE

PLANE

9

13

1

IN CUBIC CRYSTALS

DIAGONAL PLANE

RECTANGULAR PLANE

3

6

CENTER OF SYMMETRY

1

ROTATION, Cn

NON - STANDARD ROTATION Sn

n - FOLD SYMMETRY

AXIS OF ROTATION

2 - FOLD

3 - FOLD

4 - FOLD

6 - FOLD