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PNEUMOTHORAX PNEUMOTHORAX - Coggle Diagram
PNEUMOTHORAX PNEUMOTHORAX
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
IF THERE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE AIRWAYS AND THE PLEURAL SPACE REMAINS OPEN THEN A BRONCHOPLEURAL FISTULA RESULTS
ONCE THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE LUNG AND THE PLEURAL SPACE IS CLOSED, AIR WILL BE REABSORBED SLOWLY
NORMAL, THE PRESSURE IN THE PLEURAL SPACE IS NEGATIVE BUT THIS IS LOST ONCE THERE IS COMMUNICATION WITH ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
SIGNS
DEVIATION AWAY FROM SIDE IF LARGE/TENSION
RAISED RR
HYPER-RESONANCE
REDUCED BREATH SOUNDS
REDUCED VOCAL RESONANSE
HAMMANS SIGNS
CXR: LOSS OF LUNG MARKINGS
SYMPTOMS
PAIN
SUDDEN ONSET SOB
SWELLING FACE/NECK
TREATMENT
OBSERVATION
NEEDLE ASPIRATION REMOVE EXCESS AIR
OXYGEN FOR HYPOXIA
FOR TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX DO NEEDLE ASPIRATION THEN CHEST DRAIN-NEEDLE ASPIRATION FIRST
SURGERY FOR PESISTENT PNEMOTHORAX
PNEUMOTHORAX DUE TO TRAUMA, HAEMOTHORAX OR MECHANICAL VENTILATION REQUIRES CHEST DRAIN
CAUSES
LUNG DISEASE
RUPTURED AIR BLISTERS
CHEST INJURY
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
DIAGNOSIS
CT SCAN
THORACIC ULTRASOUND
AN UPRIGHT POSTEROANTERIOR CHEST RADIOGRAPH
REFERENCES
Ferri FF. Pneumothorax, spontaneous. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2019. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2019.
https://www.clinicalkey.com
. Accessed Jan. 14, 2019.
Pneumothorax (traumatic). Merck Manual Professional Version.
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/thoracic-trauma/pneumothorax-traumatic
. Accessed Jan. 14, 2019.