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SEPARATION OF MIXTURES, image, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
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Using Boiling Point
Simple Distillation
Water can be separated from salt solution by simple distillation. This method works because water has a much lower boiling point than salt. When the solution is heated, the water evaporates. It is then cooled and condensed into a separate container. The salt does not evaporate and so it stays behind.
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Fractional Distillation
Liquid ethanol can be separated from a mixture of ethanol and water by fractional distillation. This method works because the liquids in the mixture have different boiling points. When the mixture is heated, one liquid evaporates before the other.
Liquid ethanol and separation of different fractions from petroleum products can be given as examples.
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Using Density Difference
Flotation
When put into water, some substances will sink while others will float. The "floaters" can then be skimmed off of the surface.
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Chuck Away
The solids with different densities can be separated without using a liquid. If the mixture is thrown into the air, the lighter one goes far away.
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Precipitation
When two solutions are mixed, they react with each other and can form water-insoluble solid. This phenomenon is called “precipitation” and the resulting solid is “precipitate”.
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Decantation
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The act of pouring off a clear liquid gently from its sediment, or from one vessel into another is called decantation. It is a very quick method for separating a heterogeneous mixture of liquid and a heavier solid.
Separation Funnel
Separate a mixture of oil and water, separate a mixture of kerosene oil and water can be given as examples.
Separation funnel is based on the differences in the densities of the liquids. The liquid having more density forms the lower layer and the liquid having less density forms the upper layer.
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