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Chapter 10: Getting Energy & Nutrients from Food - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 10: Getting Energy & Nutrients from Food
Why do we need food?
all livings things need food
Food is also needed for the growth & repair of damaged & worn-out tissues.
Food provides energy for our body to work
Food is important to us because it provides us with nutrients water & dietary fibre.
Food
Energy giving food
eg: rice
muscle building food
eg: meat, fish, egg
Protective food
eg: milk, yogurt
vitamins & fibres
eg: milk fruits, fresh vegetables
healthy diet
vitamins & mineral salts
are needed in tiny amounts to prevent diseases & keep us healthy. Sources: fruits & vegetables.
proteins
help us grew & are used to repair worn-out parts. Sources: meat, egg, soybeans.
carbohydrates
provides us with energy. Sources: rice, bread, potatoes
Fats
give us energy & help to keep us warm. Sources: milk, butter, oils
Dietary fibre & water
We need water to...
Dissolve & carry nutrients
Remove waste products
Maintain body temperature
Dietary fibre makes our solid waste soft, bulky & easy through the digestive tract
Fibre can also help us prevent constipation. We can obtain fibre from vegetables, fruits & cereal
Food is important
Provide energy for body to do work
for growth & repair of damaged & worn-out tissue
provides nutrients water & dietary fibre
Getting Nutrients from our food
some of the food that we eat may be insoluble & made of large particles.
It must be digested before the body can make use of it.
why must food be digested?
When food is digested, it is broken down into simpler, soluble, smaller particles which enter the blood stream and are carried to all parts of the body.
Physical & Chemical Digestion
using physical action
large pieces of food are broken into smaller pieces when we chew.
when we chew, our teeth cut large pieces of food into smaller pieces.
(eg: chewing)
Enzymes breakdown large & insoluble particles in food into smaller & soluble particles.
How do enzymes help in digestion?
Large, insoluble food particles are broken by chemical substances called enzymes into smaller, soluble particles which can enter the bloodstream & are carried to all parts of the body.
Parts of the Digestive System
The food that we eat enters the body through the mouth and passes through the organs of the digestive system.
The digestive system is made up of the mouth, gullet, stomach, small & large intestine, the rectum & anus.
It also consists of the liver, pancreas & gall bladder
The Digestion System
Mouth
Salivary glands produce and release saliva
Saliva softens food & contains enzymes to digest starch into simpler forms
The size of the food we eat is too large for our body cells to absorb. When we chew, our teeth cut large pieces of food smaller pieces
Gullet
Muscles of the gullet wall contract & relax to push the food down from the mouth into the stomach.
No enzymes are produced in the gullet.
Stomach
the stomach also produces acid to kill bacteria in food.
The stomach is a muscular bag. It digests food by mashing food into a liquid mixture, producing enzymes to digest proteins.
Small & Large Intestine
No digestion happens in the large digestion.
Excess water & mineral salts are absorbed through the wall of the large intestine into the bloodstream.
Digested food will be carried by the blood to all parts of the body.
undigested food (faeces) moves into the rectum&is stored & leave the body through the anus.
Digested food is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
Digestion of all food is completed in the small intestine by different enzymes.
the small intestine is a long, coiled tube.
Rectum & Anus
faeces is stored in the rectum & is released through the anus.