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PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY - Coggle Diagram
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
ANAL STAGE
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toilet training begins to impose new, external demands on a previously intrinsic behaviour
this creates conflict between the parent's demands and child's desires may characterise how they relate to authority figures as an adult
if handled badly, can cause a fixation in the anal stage
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in response to early or harsh toilet training, the child learns to deliberately withhold faeces
the child derives pleasure from retaining faeces, and frustrating their parents
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organised, miserly, stingy, stubborn
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SUPER EGO
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Internalises values, morals and ideals of society
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Makes us feel guilty, ashamed or embarrassed when things go wrong
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The ID, ego and superego refer to functions of the mind, not physical parts of the brain
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The ID, ego and superego are in constant conflict
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ORAL STAGE
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Physical focus - mouth, lips, tongue
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Adult character - trust, dependency, narcissistic, impatient, envious, pessimistic
Conflict, weaning off breastfeeding
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In the process of being fed and cared for their psycho sexual energy becomes focused on the person providing the gratification - known as cathexis
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If the need for oral stimulation is frustrated or overindulged the infant will become fixated on oral gratification and continue to seek oral stimulation in life
PHALLIC STAGE
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Adult character - sexuality, gender identify, attitudes to sex
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Pleasure now derived from genitals, psycho sexual gratification obtain through masturbation
growing awareness of their penis or absence of it for girls leads boys to become aware of their mother as sexual objects
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OEDIPUS COMPLEX - BOYS
As libido shifts from anal to genitals, young boys develop sexual feelings for their mother
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Boys notice that women don't have penises, fear that the father will remove theirs too
Castration anxiety - suppresses desire for mothers, related to father
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Identification leads boys to adopt their fathers attitudes, morality and their gender role
ELECTRA COMPLEX - GIRLS
Girls soon discover that she, her mother and all other women lack a penis
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if a child fails to successfully identify with the same sex parent they may become fixated at the phallic stage
MALE
As adults, they seek the sexual gratification refused to them as children
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GENITAL STAGE
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Individuals develop a desire to share mutual sexual gratification within a mature loving adult relationship
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LATENCY PERIOD
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sexual energy repressed and redirected into asexual pursuit - school work, sports, friends
identification with the same sex parent is soon followed by identification with same sex peers and friends
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LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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Unconscious - thoughts, feelings, memories and physical urges that are painful, anxiety provoking
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FREUD
Freud asserted that psychological development (eg personality, morality and sexuality) is largely determined by our experiences during infancy and early childhood
The adult personality was believed to develop according to a 5 stage process of 'psycho sexual development'
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If the psycho sexual stages are completed successfully, a child was expected to develop into a healthy and well balanced adult
However, Freud suggested that most people are likely to develop a fixation at some point in their development
PROJECTIVE TESTS
used to gain insights into the unconscious, whilst avoiding the influence of defence mechanisms
Tests allowed individuals to project their unconscious thoughts and feelings onto unstructured stimuli
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STUDYING THE UNCONSCIOUS
free association - spontaneous free flowing associations used to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings
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Dreams - the unconscious thought to reveal itself through the content of dreams - the royal road to the unsconscious
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OVERVIEW
ASSUMPTIONS
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The humans consist of 3 distinct structures - interaction and conflict between these elements lead us to behave in certain ways
Our adult personality reflects the stage of psycho sexual development at which we become 'fixated' as children