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SPINAL CORD INJURIES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - spinothalamic (crosses in spinal-cord) – pain and temperature
      - Dorsal columns -cuneatus and gracilis (course in medulla) – touch, position sense, vibration
      - Spinocerebellar (most and crossed) – pro-perceptive information
    - - Corticospinal (lateral cross at medulla, anterior cross at spine) – lateral = motor info fall in, anterior = motor info for axial muscles
      - Vestibulospinal (uncrossed) – integration of head and neck and trunk with extremities
      - Reticulospinal – lateral = facilitates flexion and inhibits extension. Medial = opposite
      - Rubrospinal (crosses are origin) – control of fine movement
      - Tectospinal (crosses origin) – controls muscles in response to visual stimuli
  - - - Destruction from direct trauma
      - Compression by bone fragment, haematoma or disc material
      - Ischaemia from damage or impingement on spinal arteries
- - - - Impairment of deep and superficial sensation
      - Autonomic dysfunction – impairment of vasomotor control, postural hypertension (blood pressure drops when they sit up), autonomic dysreflexia (life-threatening, headache, fast rise in blood pressure – keep sitting + loosen everything), problems with bladder/bowel function, problems with sexual function
  - - - Motor dysfunction in upper limbs, bladder dysfunction, corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts
    - - Motor paralysis below lesion, loss of pain and temperature, retained proprioception and vibration, cause – disc herniation
    - - Motor deficit and numbness to touch and vibration on the same side of lesion, loss of pain and temper sensation on opposite side, most common cause – stab or gunshot wound to cervical or thoracic spine
    - - Cauda equina
        
        presentation = gradual, unilateral. Radicular pain = more severe. LBP = less. Sensation = saddle area. Motor = asymmetrical, areflexic
      - Conus Medullaris
        
        presentation = sudden, bilateral. Radicular pain = less severe. LBP = more. Sensation = perineal. Motor = symmetrical, hyperreflecix