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Settlements - Coggle Diagram
Settlements
Settlement Hierarchy
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How Settlement Hierarchy works: From the bottom to the top is smallest to largest in terms of the size of the population of the settlement.
In terms of frequency of the settlement hierarchy it is the complete opposite. In this case it is: from the bottom to the top, it is the largest starting from the bottom and the top being the smallest. Frequency decreases as it goes up the settlement hierarchy.
How is settlement hierarchy ranked? Settlement hierarchy is ranked through the importance of the particular settlement placed in the settlement hierarchy. For example: conurbation contains a large population size and is more developed compared to the smaller settlements in the hierarchy such as a village or a hamlet.
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Urbanisation
The process in which describes the increasing amount of people living in cities mainly because of the city's pull factor.
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Settlement site
Wet point sites
these have a good water supply. Many settlements grew around wet point sites, eg villages in the South Downs.
Dry point sites
these are away from the risk of flooding, eg Ely in Cambridgeshire.
Defensive sites
often found on higher ground so that in the past, enemies could be seen from a distance, eg Corfe Castle, Dorset, or in the loop of a meander, eg Durham.
Site factors
Aspect
settlements are often found on the sunny side of a deep valley. This is common in settlements in the Alps.
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Resources
important for industry, eg villages such as Aberfan in the Welsh valleys is close to coal reserves.
Bridging point
settlements with 'ford' in their name often grew around a fording point or bridging point, eg Watford is found on the River Colne.
Trading centres
often settlements grow where natural route ways and rivers meet, which helps the development of roads, railways and canals.
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